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| 基于坡度视角的云南省耕地变化特征分析 |
| Analysis of cultivated land change characteristics in Yunnan Province from a slope perspective |
| Received:June 12, 2025 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2025.0560 |
| 中文关键词: 云南省，耕地，坡度，占用补充制度，耕地非农化 |
| 英文关键词: Yunnan Province, cultivated land, slope, requisition-compensation balance system, cultivated land non-agriculturalization |
| 基金项目:国家国防科技工业局高分专项云南省政府综合治理深度应用与规模化产业化示范项目（89-Y50G31-9001-22/23）；云南大学研究生科研创新项目（KC-242410387） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | Su Yingzhen | School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China | | | Peng Qiuzhi | Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Yunnan Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Spatial Information Surveying and Mapping Technology in High Plateau Mountains, Kunming 650093, China
Yunnan Natural Resources and Planning Smart Innovation Laboratory, Kunming 650093, China | | | Tao Zhouxu | School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China | | | Chen Jiawei | School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China | | | Wang Kun | School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China | | | Liu Feng | School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China | | | Zhang Jun | School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China | zhjun@ynu.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在新型工业化和城市化快速推进的背景下，占补平衡机制下的耕地“爬坡”现象日益凸显，对山区耕地资源的可持续利用构成威胁。然而，现有研究多聚焦于耕地数量与空间分布的动态变化，基于坡度视角的系统分析仍较薄弱，尤其缺乏对占补耕地坡度耦合关系及其平衡状态的深入探讨。本研究以坡度为主要视角，运用土地利用转移矩阵、耕地变化动态度、坡谱构建、频率差值分布及耕地坡度指数等方法，从省域、区域和县域三个尺度，分析2000—2020年云南省耕地时空演变特征及其对非农化的影响。结果表明：2000—2020年云南省耕地面积净增长3 402 km2，其中2010—2015年净增长面积最大为2 275.41 km2，2005—2010年出现负增长，减少面积为 1 649.33 km2，耕地主要与林地和草地相互转化，而 2000—2010年间建设用地占用耕地现象加剧。全省耕地坡度主要分布在6°~15°之间，平均坡度上升0.22°，0°~6°和>25°耕地占比下降，6°~25°占比显著上升。占补耕地存在时空差异性，呈现“占缓补陡”现象，失衡严重的县份在滇中、滇西北、滇西地区尤为突出。补充与占用耕地坡度间存在一定线性关系，R2均值为0.43；坡度耦合以低低型为主，高高型次之，高低型和低高型数量相当，其中高高型、高低型区域需重点关注。建设用地占耕地面积在2010年前增长后逐步减少，主要分布于滇中、滇东、滇南、滇西南地区，其坡度主要以0°~2°为主，但平均坡度呈持续增长趋势，共上升0.68°，且2015—2020年平均坡度值达峰值2.77°。研究结果为深化山区耕地演变研究提供了新的视角和方法论启示，可为制定山区耕地保护政策和进行国土空间管控提供决策支持。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Against the backdrop of rapid industrialization and urbanization, the phenomenon of cultivated land“climbing slopes”under the requisition-compensation balance mechanism has become increasingly prominent, posing a threat to the sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources in mountainous areas. However, existing research had primarily focused on the dynamic changes in the quantity and spatial distribution of cultivated land, while systematic analysis from the perspective of slope remained relatively weak. In particular, there was a lack of in-depth exploration of the coupling relationship between the slopes of requisitioned and compensated cultivated land and their balance state. The study primarily focused on slope gradient as the key perspective, employing methods such as land use transfer matrix, dynamic degree of cultivated land change, slope spectrum construction, frequency difference distribution, and cultivated land slope index. It analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of cultivated land in Yunnan Province from 2000 to 2020 and its impact on non-agricultural conversion across three scales：provincial, regional, and county levels. The results indicated：from 2000 to 2020, the net increase in cultivated land area in Yunnan Province was 3 402 km2, the largest net growth of 2 275.41 km2 occurred in 2010-2015, while a net loss of 1 649.33 km2 was observed in 2005-2010. The majority of cultivated land in the province was distributed on slopes of 6°-15°, with the average slope increasing by 0.22°. The proportion of cultivated land on slopes of 0°-6° and >25° decreased, while that on slopes of 6°-25° rose significantly. There were spatiotemporal differences between requisitioned and compensated cultivated land, showing a phenomenon of“occupying gentle slopes while compensating with steep slopes.”Severe imbalance areas were particularly prominent in central, northwestern, and western Yunnan. A certain linear relationship existed between the slopes of compensated and requisitioned cultivated land, with an average R2 of 0.43. The slope coupling types were dominated by the low-low type, followed by the high-high type, while the number of high-low type and low-high type areas was roughly equivalent. Special attention should be paid to regions of the high-high type and high-low type. The occupation of cultivated land by construction land increased before 2010 and then gradually decreased, primarily distributed in central, eastern, southern, and southwestern Yunnan. The slope of these areas was predominantly 0°-2°, but the average slope showed a continuous increasing trend, rising by 0.68° in total, with the peak average slope value reaching 2.77° during 2015-2020. The findings provide a new perspective and methodological insights for deepening research on the evolution of cultivated land in mountainous areas, offering decision-making support for formulating cultivated land protection policies and territorial spatial management in these regions. |
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