|
| 秸秆还田方式与氮肥配伍对夏玉米产量及养分吸收的影响 |
| Effects of straw returning mode and nitrogen fertilizer application compatibility on summer maize yield and nutrient absorption |
| Received:April 16, 2025 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2025.0340 |
| 中文关键词: 秸秆还田，夏玉米，施氮量，氮肥类型 |
| 英文关键词: straw returning, summer maize, nitrogen application rate, nitrogen fertilizer type |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目（2022YFD1900900）；国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（42407474） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | Fan Shuyan | College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China | | | Sheng Kai | College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China | | | Wang Yaxian | College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China | | | Wang Yilun | College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China | | | Ding Guangchao | College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China | | | Liu Xiaoguang | College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China | | | Zhang Qian | College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China | zhangqian2478@henau.edu.cn |
|
| Hits: 281 |
| Download times: 35 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 探究秸秆还田方式、不同氮肥类型、氮肥用量互作对华北平原砂姜黑土和褐土夏玉米产量、养分积累量及土壤肥力的影响，可为秸秆高效还田、耕地产能提升、肥料减施增效提供科学参考。本研究于2023年夏玉米季在河南省舞阳县砂姜黑土和河北省石家庄市褐土开展田间试验，采用秸秆还田方式（不还田、覆盖还田、浅旋还田）、氮肥类型（尿素、豆粕、猪粪、酵母衍生物、谷氨酸）与氮肥用量（全量、有机肥替代化肥氮 30%、减施化肥氮 30% 同时有机肥替代化肥氮 30%）三因素交互设计。在夏玉米成熟期，测定产量及构成因子、养分积累量及氮肥利用效率及土壤理化性质。结果表明，还田方式、氮肥类型及氮肥用量显著影响砂姜黑土夏玉米产量，其中，秸秆浅旋还田相较不还田显著提高 4.45%~15.35%，浅旋还田下谷氨酸替代化肥氮处理产量最高，达8 868.16 kg·hm-2，较全量尿素处理夏玉米产量显著提高12.10%，同时地上部氮、钾素积累量分别显著提高22.39%、16.14%，氮肥吸收效率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力分别增加21.95%、77.25%、12.11%；氮肥减量较全量氮肥普遍减产2.22%~5.42%。氮肥类型和还田方式显著影响褐土夏玉米产量，其中，秸秆覆盖还田下猪粪替代化肥氮处理夏玉米产量最高，为8 455.87 kg·hm-2，较全量尿素处理显著提高20.64%，地上部氮、磷、钾较全量尿素分别显著提高11.26%、17.97%、4.73%，有机质、全氮分别提高11.48%、6.65%，氮肥吸收效率、氮肥偏生产力分别增加11.48%、6.65%。氮肥减量配合有机肥施用未显著降低褐土夏玉米产量，未来仍需探索其长期效果。综上，秸秆全量浅旋还田配合谷氨酸替代化肥30%（总N量210 kg·hm-2）、覆盖还田配合猪粪替代化肥30%（总N量210 kg·hm-2）分别是砂姜黑土和褐土夏玉米季秸秆高效还田及作物丰产增效的可行方案。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The effects of straw returning modes, different nitrogen（N） fertilizer types and rates on summer maize yield, nutrient accumulation and soil fertility in lime concretion black soil and cinnamon soil in North China Plain were investigated to provide valuable insights for optimizing straw returning practices, enhancing arable productivity and improving fertilizer reduction and efficiency. Field experiments were carried out in the summer maize season of 2023 in lime concretion black soil（Wuyang County, Henan Province）, and cinnamon soil（Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province）. A three-factor interaction design was employed involving straw managements（no straw return, mulching return, shallow plowing return）, N fertilizer types（urea, soybean meal, pig manure, yeast derivatives, glutamic acid）and N fertilizer rates（full rate, 30% organic substitution rate, 30% reduction in chemical fertilizer N plus 30% organic substitution rate）. The yield and component factors, nutrient accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency, and soil physical and chemical properties were determined by the harvest of summer maize. The results showed that, summer maize yield in lime concretion black soil was notably influenced by the mode of straw return, N fertilizer types and rates. Returning straw through shallow plowing led to a significant increase in yield ranging from 4.45% to 15.35% compared with no straw return. The highest yield of 8 868.16 kg·hm-2 was achieved with glutamic acid substituting chemical fertilizer N under straw shallow plowing return, representing a 12.10% increase over full urea treatment. Additionally, the accumulation of N and potassium（K）in aboveground plant parts significantly increased by 22.39% and 16.14%, respectively. Moreover, N uptake efficiency, N fertilizer agronomic efficiency and N fertilizer partial factor productivity were also increased by 21.95%, 77.25%, and 12.11%, respectively. Reducing N fertilizer generally decreased the yield by 2.22%-5.42% compared with full N application rates. Moreover, the type of N fertilizer and straw return modes also significantly increased summer maize yield in cinnamon soil. The highest yield, reaching 8 455.87 kg·hm-2, was achieved by replacing chemical fertilizer N with pig manure under straw mulching return, leading a significant 20.64% increase over full urea treatment. Accumulation of N, P, and K in aboveground plant parts were significantly increased compared with full urea treatment, with increments of 11.26%, 17.97%, and 4.73%, respectively. Meanwhile, soil organic matter and total N showed increase of 13.81% and 8.85%, respectively. N fertilizer agronomic efficiency and N fertilizer partial factor productivity also increased by 11.48% and 6.65%, respectively. The combination of N fertilizer reduction with organic fertilizer application did not lead to a significant decrease in summer maize yield in cinnamon soil, and its long-term effect still needs to be explored in the future. In conclusion, straw shallow plowing return with glutamate substituting chemical fertilizer N 30%（total N 210 kg·hm-2）, straw mulching return with pig manure substituting chemical fertilizer N 30%（total N 210 kg·hm-2）are feasible ways for straw efficient returning and summer maize yield improvement in lime concretion black soil and cinnamon soil, respectively. |
| HTML
View Full Text
View/Add Comment Download reader |
| Close |
|
|
|
