氮肥减量配施腐植酸对北疆灌区土壤有机碳组分、酶活性及玉米产量的影响

卢小倩; 付超; 陈金露; 王单丽; 郭青云; 赵红梅

文章摘要

氮肥减量配施腐植酸对北疆灌区土壤有机碳组分、酶活性及玉米产量的影响

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction with humic acid application on soil organic carbon fraction，enzyme activities and maize yield in northern Xinjiang irrigation areas

Received:March 05, 2025

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2025.0162

中文关键词: 氮肥，腐植酸，有机碳组分，土壤酶，玉米，产量

英文关键词: nitrogen fertilizer, humic acid, organic carbon fraction, soil enzyme, corn, yield

基金项目:自治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目（2024SNGGGCC020）；新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室项目（23XJTRZW10）；自治区天山英才—青年拔尖人才项目（2023TSYCCX0085）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
Lu Xiaoqian	College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, Urumqi 830052, China
Fu Chao	College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
Chen Jinlu	College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, Urumqi 830052, China
Wang Danli	College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, Urumqi 830052, China
Guo Qingyun	College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, Urumqi 830052, China
Zhao Hongmei	College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, Urumqi 830052, China	zhaohongmeidu@163.com

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中文摘要:

探究氮肥减量配施腐植酸对土壤有机碳组分、酶活性及玉米产量的影响，旨在为北疆灌区玉米种植模式下肥料高效利用以及作物产量提升提供科学依据。本研究采用大田试验，设置不施氮肥（N₀HA₀，0 kg·hm^-2）、常规氮肥（N₁HA₀，300 kg·hm^-2）、氮肥减量15%（N2HA0，255 kg·hm^-2）、氮肥减量30%（N₃HA₀，210 kg·hm^-2）、低量腐植酸（N₀HA₁，45 kg·hm^-2）、高量腐植酸（N₀HA₂，90 kg·hm^-2）、常规氮肥配施低量腐植酸（N₁HA₁）、常规氮肥配施高量腐植酸（N₁HA₂）、氮肥减量 15%配施低量腐植酸（N₂HA₁）、氮肥减量15% 配施高量腐植酸（N₂HA₂）、氮肥减量 30% 配施低量腐植酸（N₃HA₁）和氮肥减量 30% 配施高量腐植酸（N₃HA₂）12个处理，并分析玉米成熟期不同土层各施肥处理下土壤有机碳组分、酶活性及玉米产量变化。结果表明：与N₁HA₀相比，仅N₃HA₂处理下0~10、10~20 cm土层有机碳含量分别显著提高了13.01%、17.18%；而氮肥减量配施腐植酸均显著提高了0~10、10~20 cm（N₂HA₂除外）和20~40 cm（N₃HA₂除外）土层活性有机碳含量和碳库管理指数（P<0.05）。与 N₁HA₀相比，N₂HA₂、N₃HA₁显著提高了 0~10、10~20 cm土层蔗糖酶、脲酶活性及20~40 cm土层过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性；N₃HA₂处理显著提高了0~10、20~40 cm土层过氧化氢酶活性和0~10、10~20 cm土层蔗糖酶活性，N₂HA₁处理下0~10、10~20 cm土层脲酶活性显著提高（P<0.05）。相较于N₁HA₀，氮肥减量15%配施腐植酸均显著提高玉米产量，其中，N₂HA₁处理下玉米穗粒数和产量均较高，增产率达10.02%。结构方程模型分析显示，氮肥与腐植酸配施可通过提高土壤酶活性、活性有机碳含量和增强土壤碳库管理指数提升玉米产量。综上，氮肥减量配施腐植酸显著影响了土壤有机碳组分和酶活性，进而影响玉米产量，综合表现以氮肥减量15%配施低量腐植酸提升农田土壤固碳潜力和玉米产量效果最优，建议作为滴灌玉米田氮肥优化配施腐植酸的最佳施肥模式。

英文摘要:

This study investigates the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction with humic acid on soil organic carbon fractions, enzyme activities and maize yield. It aims to provide a scientific basis for the efficient use of fertilizers and the improvement of crop yield under the maize planting pattern in the northern Xinjiang irrigation area. A large field trial was used and twelve treatments were set up：no nitrogen fertilizer（N₀HA₀, 0 kg·hm^-2）, conventional nitrogen fertilizer（N₁HA₀, 300 kg·hm^-2）, 15% nitrogen fertilizer reduction（N₂HA₀, 255 kg· hm^-2）, 30% nitrogen fertilizer reduction（N₃HA₀, 210 kg·hm^-2）, low humic acid（N₀HA₁, 45 kg·hm^-2）, high humic acid（N₀HA₂, 90 kg· hm^-2）, conventional nitrogen fertilizer combined with low humic acid（N₁HA₁）, conventional nitrogen fertilizer combined with high humic acid（N₁HA₂）, nitrogen fertilizer reduction of 15% combined with low humic acid（N₂HA₁）, nitrogen fertilizer reduction of 15% combined with high humic acid（N₂HA₂）, nitrogen fertilizer reduction of 30% combined with low humic acid（N₃HA₁）and nitrogen fertilizer reduction of 30% combined with high humic acid（N₃HA₂）. The study analyzed the changes of soil organic carbon fractions, enzyme activities and maize yield of different fertilizer treatments in different layers of maize at the maturity stage. The results showed that：compared with N₁HA₀, only the N₃HA₂ treatment significantly increased the organic carbon content in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers by 13.01% and 17.18%, respectively. In contrast, nitrogen fertilizer reduction with humic acid significantly increased the active organic carbon content and carbon pool management index in the 0-10, 10-20 cm（except N₂HA₂）and 20-40 cm（except N₃HA₂）soil layers（P<0.05）. Compared with N₁HA₀, the N₂HA₂ and N₃HA₁ treatments significantly increased the activities of sucrase and urease in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers, as well as the activities of catalase and urease in the 20-40 cm soil layers. Under the N₃HA₂ treatment, the activities of catalase and sucrase in the 0-10 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers were significantly increased; meanwhile the sucrase activity in the 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers was significantly increased. Additionally, the urease activity in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers under N₂HA₁ treatment significantly increased（P<0.05）. Compared with N₁HA₀, nitrogen fertilizer reduction of 15% combined with humic acid significantly increased maize yield. Among these treatments, the N₂HA₁ treatment resulted in higher kernel number per spike and maize yield, with a yield increase rate of 10.02%. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that nitrogen fertilizers combined with humic acid could improve maize yield by increasing soil enzyme activities, active organic carbon content and enhancing soil carbon pool management index. In conclusion, the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer combined with humic acid significantly affect soil organic carbon fractions and enzyme activities, which in turn affected corn yield. Among these treatments, combined performance of 15% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer with low humic acid shows the optimal effect in enhancing soil carbon sequestration potential and maize yield in farmland, and is therefore recommended as the best fertilization mode for the optimized application of nitrogen fertilizer combined with humic acid in drip-irrigated maize fields.

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