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| 沼渣替代化肥对小白菜产量及N2O产生过程的影响机制 |
| Effects of replacing chemical fertilizer with biogas residue on Pakchoi yield and N2O emission |
| Received:July 20, 2025 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2025.0733 |
| 中文关键词: 沼渣替代，氧化亚氮，功能基因，真菌异养硝化，硝化反硝化潜势 |
| 英文关键词: biogas residue substitution, N2O, functional gene, fungal heterotrophic nitrification, nitrification and denitrification potential |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD1902603）;天津科技计划项目（24YDTPJC00310）;天津市农业产学研用“揭榜挂帅”项目（GBGG202417） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | Xiao Hui | School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China | | | Zhang Yuxuan | School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China | | | Zhang Feifan | School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China | | | Song Yufeng | School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China | | | Zhong Lei | School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China | lei.zhong@tju.edu.cn | | Liu Jia | Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China | | | Zhang Jie | School of Soil and Water Conservation, Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Nanchang 330029, China | mn_zhangjie@163.com | | Chen Guanyi | School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300133, China | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究沼渣（BR）替代化肥对小白菜产量及氧化亚氮（N2O）排放路径的影响机制，本研究通过盆栽试验，设置对照（CK）和10%（BR1）、30%（BR2）、50%（BR3）三个沼渣等氮量（以N计，200 mg·kg-1）替代化肥处理，测定了小白菜产量、土壤理化性质、硝化与反硝化功能基因丰度以及硝化反硝化潜势。结果表明：BR1处理小白菜产量与CK无显著差异，而BR2、BR3处理产量分别显著降低了 31.4% 和 48.8%（P<0.05）。沼渣替代处理均显著降低了土壤总硝化和总反硝化潜势，其中 BR1处理降幅最大。减排机制主要表现为：降低细菌硝化与反硝化活性及关键功能基因（AOB，nirK）丰度；提升nosZ clade Ⅱ基因丰度及N2O还原潜势。然而，沼渣替代也促进了真菌异养硝化潜势，且在BR1处理尤为明显。路径分析显示，CK处理N2O产生以细菌主导；而BR1处理下，真菌对N2O产生的贡献超过细菌，说明沼渣替代改变了N2O生成的微生物主导路径。综上，10%沼渣替代化肥是实现小白菜稳产减排的最优比例。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study quantified the mitigation effect of substituting chemical fertilizer with biogas residue（BR）on nitrous oxide（N2O） emissions in a Pakchoi（Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis）cultivation system, elucidating the competitive mechanisms underlying N2O production pathways mediated by microbial functional activity. A pot experiment was conducted using BR substitution at gradients of 10% （BR1）, 30%（BR2）, and 50%（BR3）on an equal nitrogen basis, alongside a chemical fertilizer control（CK）. Soil physicochemical properties, pakchoi yield, the abundance of nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms, and nitrification /denitrification potential were measured. The results showed that, the yield in the BR1 treatment did not differ significantly from CK, whereas yields in BR2 and BR3 decreased significantly by 31.4% and 48.8%, respectively（P<0.05）. All BR treatments significantly reduced both nitrification and denitrification potential, with the most substantial reduction observed in BR1. BR substitution primarily reduced the N2O production potential by diminishing the abundance of bacterial nitrifying and denitrifying functional groups and enhancing the N2O reduction. Conversely, it promoted N2O production via fungal heterotrophic nitrification and denitrification. Pathway analysis indicated that bacteria dominated N2O production in the pakchoi system. Notably, the BR1 treatment shifted the dominant source of N2O production from bacteria to fungi, indicating a transition in the microbial pathway. These findings demonstrate that 10% BR substitution represents the optimal rate for synergistically reducing chemical fertilizer application and mitigating N2O emissions. |
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