施钾对库尔勒香梨枝条矿质元素含量及产量的影响

严琳森; 沈幸; 何展一; 李杰; 杨乐乐; 柴仲平

文章摘要

施钾对库尔勒香梨枝条矿质元素含量及产量的影响

Effects of potassium application on the mineral element content in branches and yield of Korla fragrant pear

Received:May 22, 2025

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2025.0472

中文关键词: 钾肥，库尔勒香梨，枝条矿质元素，产量，相关性

英文关键词: potassium fertilizer, Korla fragrant pear, branch mineral element, yield, correlation

基金项目:新疆林果产业技术体系-土壤肥力与培育项目（XJLGCYJSTX05-2024-03）；新疆维吾尔自治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目（2022SNGGGCC017）；国家自然科学基金项目（32360802，31960639）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
Yan Linsen	College of Resource and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
Shen Xing	College of Resource and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China Xinjiang Soil and Plant Ecological Processes Laboratory, Urumqi 830052, China
He Zhanyi	College of Resource and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
Li Jie	College of Resource and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
Yang Lele	College of Resource and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
Chai Zhongping	College of Resource and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China Xinjiang Soil and Plant Ecological Processes Laboratory, Urumqi 830052, China	chaizhongpingth@sina.com

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中文摘要:

为探究钾肥对库尔勒香梨树体枝条矿质元素含量及产量的影响，提出最佳钾肥施用量，本研究以7~8年生库尔勒香梨树为试验用材，滴灌条件下设置对照施肥处理 K0（0 kg·hm^-2）以及三个钾肥浓度处理 K75、K150、K225（分别为 75、150、225 kg·hm^-2），探究不同钾肥施用量与库尔勒香梨树体枝条矿质元素含量和香梨产量之间的相关性。结果表明：适量施用钾肥能够显著提高香梨树体枝条的矿质元素含量并且提高香梨产量，而过量施钾会导致香梨树体枝条矿质元素含量出现下降甚至被抑制。与不施钾肥K0处理相比，K75处理K元素的促进作用主要体现在新生梢条，对枝条Ca、Mg元素含量有显著促进作用，对枝条中其余矿质元素无显著影响，单果质量在该处理下显著增加 4.67%，但单株果数与产量无显著变化；K150处理对香梨树体枝条 N、P、K、Fe、Mn、Cu元素有显著促进作用，单果质量、单株果数、产量在该处理下较K0处理显著增加18.19%、24.81%、47.36%；K225处理对香梨树体枝条的N、P、K元素有显著促进作用，对枝条中、微量元素无显著影响，单果质量、产量在该处理下较K0处理显著增加10.98%、28.93%。钾肥处理与枝条N、P、K、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn元素呈正相关关系，与Ca、Mg元素呈负相关关系，成熟期枝条N、P、K、Mn、Zn元素与香梨产量表现出显著或极显著正相关关系，钾肥处理与香梨产量之间呈显著正相关关系。因此本研究推荐7~8年树龄的库尔勒香梨树施用钾肥150 kg·hm^-2，能够显著提升树体枝条的矿质元素含量，在增强树体健康与活力的同时，实现香梨的增产增效。

英文摘要:

This study aims to investigate the effects of potassium fertilizer on the mineral element content in branches and the yield of Korla fragrant pear trees（Pyrus sinkiangensis Yü）, and to determine the optimal potassium application rate. Seven - to eight-year-old Korla fragrant pear trees under drip irrigation were subjected to four potassium treatments：K0（control, 0 kg·hm^-2）, K75（75 kg·hm^-2）, K150 （150 kg·hm^-2）, and K225（225 kg·hm^-2）. The correlations between potassium application rates, branch mineral element content, and pear yield were analyzed. The results showed that appropriate potassium application significantly increased branch mineral element content and yield, while excessive potassium inhibited mineral uptake. Compared with K0, the K75 treatment significantly enhanced K content in new shoots and Ca and Mg content in branches, but had no significant effect on other elements. Fruit mass increased by 4.67%, while yield per plant showed no significant change. The K150 treatment significantly promoted N, P, K, Fe, Mn, and Cu contents in branches, with fruit mass, fruit number per plant, and yield increasing by 18.19%, 24.81%, and 47.36%, respectively. The K225 treatment significantly increased N, P, and K content but had no effect on medium and trace elements. Fruit mass and yield increased by 10.98% and 28.93%, respectively. Potassium fertilizer treatments showed a positive correlation with N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn contents in branches, while a negative correlation with Ca and Mg contents. At the mature stage, the contents of N, P, K, Mn, and Zn in branches exhibited significant and extremely significant positive correlations with Korla fragrant pear yield, and there was a significant positive correlation between potassium fertilizer treatments and pear yield. The K150 treatment（150 kg·hm^-2）is recommended for seven- to eight-year-old Korla fragrant pear trees, as it significantly enhances branch mineral element content, improves tree vitality, and maximizes yield efficiency.

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