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| 老化生物炭中氮形态转化及其对水稻有效性的影响 |
| Morphological transformation of nitrogen in aged biochar and its impact on rice availability |
| Received:August 27, 2025 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2025.0866 |
| 中文关键词: 生物炭，干湿交替，冻融循环，氮形态转化，水稻，氮摄取 |
| 英文关键词: biochar, alternate wetting and drying, freeze-thaw cycling, nitrogen form transformation, rice, nitrogen uptake |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（42307312）；中国博士后基金面上项目（2023M733218） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | Nan Hongyan | School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China | | Zhuang Chu | Suzhou Mingxu Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215000, China | | Chen Xinyu | School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China | | Zhao Junqi | School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China | | Kang Jialei | School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨老化过程对生物炭中氮形态转化及其环境行为与植物有效性的影响，本研究以污泥源（SSBC）和骨渣源（BDBC）生物炭为研究对象，通过室内模拟干湿交替与冻融循环两种老化过程（0、10、25轮），利用元素分析、BET比表面积测定、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）及扫描电镜（SEM）分析老化前后生物炭理化性质及氮形态演变；通过盆栽试验，研究添加老化生物炭对水稻生长、氮吸收及土壤孔隙水氮动态的影响。结果表明，老化后生物炭碳含量下降（如BDBC干湿老化后C%从17.20%降至11.24%），氧含量上升，pH降低，比表面积减小（SSBC从43.61 m2·g-1降至30.30 m2·g-1）。老化显著促进氮形态转化，干湿交替使SSBC和BDBC中蛋白氮分别增至38.39%和54.04%，吡咯氮和季氮含量降低，无机氮含量亦显著下降（铵态氮最大降幅62.7%）。水稻盆栽试验表明，新鲜生物炭处理水稻干质量（SSBC：2.59 g·盆-1）和氮摄取量（SSBC：76.2 mg·盆-1，以 N计）均最高，显著高于老化生物炭处理。孔隙水硝态氮浓度在新鲜生物炭处理中最高（BDBC达3.85 mg·L-1），老化后其浓度显著降低（冻融老化BDBC：2.36 mg·L-1）。老化过程通过改变生物炭理化性质与氮形态分布，促使稳定氮向活性形态转化，虽降低了短期内对植物的供氮能力，但增强了氮的持留与环境相容性，对减少氮素损失和实现土壤可持续培肥具有积极意义。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of aging on the transformation of nitrogen forms, as well as the environmental behavior and plant availability of nitrogen in biochar, sludge-derived biochar（SSBC）and bone-derived biochar（BDBC）were subjected to two artificial aging methods：dry - wet cycling and freeze - thaw cycling（0, 10, and 25 cycles）. The changes in physicochemical properties and nitrogen speciation before and after aging were analyzed using elemental analysis, BET surface area analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. A pot experiment was further conducted to study the effects of aged biochar on rice growth, nitrogen uptake, and the dynamics of nitrogen in soil pore water. The results indicated that after aging, the carbon content of both biochars decreased（e. g., C% in BDBC declined from 17.20% to 11.24% after dry - wet aging）, while oxygen content increased, pH decreased, and specific surface area decreased（e.g., SSBC decreased from 43.61 m2·g-1 to 30.30 m2·g-1）. Aging significantly promoted the transformation of nitrogen species：dry-wet aging increased the proportion of protein nitrogen in SSBC and BDBC to 38.39% and 54.04%, respectively, while contents of pyrrole nitrogen and quaternary nitrogen decreased. Inorganic nitrogen content also declined markedly, with ammonium nitrogen experiencing a maximum reduction of 62.7%. The rice pot experiment showed that the treatment with fresh biochar resulted in the highest dry mass（SSBC：2.59 g·pot-1）and nitrogen uptake（SSBC：76.2 mg N·pot-1）, which were significantly higher than those in the aged biochar treatments. The nitrate nitrogen concentration in pore water was also highest in the fresh biochar treatment （BDBC：3.85 mg·L-1）and decreased significantly after aging（BDBC after freeze - thaw aging：2.36 mg·L-1）. In conclusion, the aging process alters the physicochemical properties and nitrogen speciation of biochar, facilitating the conversion of stable nitrogen into more active forms. Although aged biochar exhibits a reduced short-term nitrogen supply capacity to plants, it enhances nitrogen retention and environmental compatibility, which is beneficial for reducing nitrogen loss and promoting sustainable soil fertilization. |
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