生防菌剂联用对连作土壤微生态及烟叶品质的影响

胡伟华; 杨启港; 李秋坪; 张涛; 李博; 王政; 敖金成

文章摘要

生防菌剂联用对连作土壤微生态及烟叶品质的影响

Effects of combined application of biocontrol agents on rhizosphere soil microecology of continuous cropping and tobacco leaf quality

Received:May 21, 2025

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2025.0465

中文关键词: 生防菌，连作，土壤酶活性，高通量测序，烟叶品质

英文关键词: biocontrol bacteria, continuous cropping, soil enzyme activity, high-throughput sequencing, tobacco leaf quality

基金项目:广西中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目（GXZYCX2021B010）；云南省农业联合专项面上项目（202301BD070001-103）；云南专家工作站项目（202305AF150042）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
Hu Weihua	College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
Yang Qigang	China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanning 530001, China
Li Qiuping	Wenshan University, Wenshan 663000, China
Zhang Tao	College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
Li Bo	College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
Wang Zheng	China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanning 530001, China	16627843@qq.com
Ao Jincheng	Wenshan University, Wenshan 663000, China	ecojin2023@163.com

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中文摘要:

为探究生防菌剂联用对烟草连作土壤微生态及烤烟生长和烟叶品质的影响，本研究采用田间试验，在常规防控（CK）基础上，设置了4种生防菌剂联用模式：BT1（哈茨木霉）、BT2（哈茨木霉+长枝木霉菌）、BT3（哈茨木霉+长枝木霉菌+淡紫拟青霉）、BT4（哈茨木霉+长枝木霉菌+淡紫拟青霉+多黏类芽孢杆菌）。通过高通量测序技术，并结合土壤理化性质、酶活性、烟株农艺性状及烟叶化学成分等指标，系统分析了生防菌剂配施对连作土壤的综合调控效应。结果表明，与CK相比，各处理组（BT1~BT4）显著降低了烟草黑胫病和根黑腐病发病率，其相对降幅分别介于48.0%~72.8%和41.3%~66.7%；生防菌剂联用促进有机质分解，有机质含量降低了1.6%~6.3%，提高了土壤速效养分含量和酶活性；整体提高了连作土壤细菌群落丰富度和多样性及系统发育指数，同时，BT3 处理子囊菌门（Ascomycota）相对丰度由 77.4% 提高至 89.4%，根肿黑粉菌门（Entorrhizomycota）相对丰度由 11.3% 降低至6.1%。生防菌剂联用（BT1~BT4）有效改善了烟株的农艺性状，提高了上桔二（B₂F）等级烟叶化学成分协调性，此外，烟叶重金属含量显著降低，其中总Pb、总Cr含量降幅尤为突出，平均降幅分别为54.4%、38.5%。综合分析以BT3处理在改良连作土壤微生态环境、协调烟叶化学成分及提升烟叶安全性方面效果最佳。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the effect of combined application of biocontrol agents on soil microecology, growth of flue-cured tobacco and quality of tobacco leaves under continuous cropping of tobacco, a field experiment was conducted. Based on the conventional control（CK）, four kinds of biocontrol agents were established in the field experiment：BT1（T. harzianum）, BT2（T. harzianum+T. longibrachiatum）, BT3 （T. harzianum + T. longibrachiatum + P. lilacinus）, BT4（T. harzianum + T. longibrachiatum + P. lilacinus + P. polymyxa）. Using highthroughput sequencing technology, along with soil physical and chemical properties, enzyme activity, agronomic traits of tobacco plants and chemical composition of tobacco leaves, the comprehensive regulatory effect of combined application of biocontrol agents on continuous cropping soil was systematically analyzed. The results showed that, compared with CK, all treatment groups（BT1 - BT4）significantly reduced the incidence of tobacco black shank and black root rot, with relative reductions ranging from 48.0% to 72.8% and 41.3% to 66.7%, respectively. Among them, BT3 exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect. The combination of biocontrol agents promoted the decomposition of organic matter, decreased the organic matter content by 1.6%-6.3%, and increased the soil available nutrient content and enzyme activity. They overall improved the richness, diversity, and phylogenetic index of the bacterial community in continuous cropping soil. Meanwhile, the BT3 treatment increased the relative abundance of Ascomycota from 77.4% to 89.4%, and decreased that of Entorrhizomycota from 11.3% to 6.1%. The combined application of biocontrol agents（BT1-BT4）effectively improved the agronomic traits of tobacco plants and enhanced the coordination of chemical components in B₂F-grade tobacco leaves. In addition, the heavy metal content in tobacco leaves decreased significantly, with total Pb and total Cr showing the most notable reductions, with average reductions of 54.4% and 38.5%, respectively. The BT3 treatment proved to be the most effective in improving the soil microecology, coordinating chemical components, and increasing the safety of tobacco leaves.

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