水肥耦合对超宽膜覆盖棉田土壤水热分布及棉花产量的影响

郭春梅; 朱艳; 黄田雨; 朱柏林; 宋利兵

文章摘要

水肥耦合对超宽膜覆盖棉田土壤水热分布及棉花产量的影响

Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on soil water and heat distribution and cotton yield in ultra-wide film-covered cotton fields

Received:June 13, 2025

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2025.0564

中文关键词: 棉花，超宽膜，灌水量，施肥量，产量，水肥利用效率

英文关键词: cotton, ultra-wide membrane, irrigation volume, fertilizer application amount, yield, water and fertilizer utilization efficiency

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（52169011）；兵团科技计划项目-科技创新人才计划项目（2023CB010）；新疆维吾尔自治区乡村振兴产业发展科技行动项目（2024NC068）；2022年度自治区“天池英才”青年博士人才项目

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
Guo Chunmei	College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Yield & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China Technology Innovation Center for Agricultural Water and Fertilizer Efficiency Equipment of Xinjiang Yield & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832000, China
Zhu Yan	College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Yield & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China Technology Innovation Center for Agricultural Water and Fertilizer Efficiency Equipment of Xinjiang Yield & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832000, China
Huang Tianyu	College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Yield & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China Technology Innovation Center for Agricultural Water and Fertilizer Efficiency Equipment of Xinjiang Yield & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832000, China
Zhu Bolin	College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Yield & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China Technology Innovation Center for Agricultural Water and Fertilizer Efficiency Equipment of Xinjiang Yield & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832000, China
Song Libing	College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Yield & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China Technology Innovation Center for Agricultural Water and Fertilizer Efficiency Equipment of Xinjiang Yield & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832000, China	songlibing@shzu.edu.cn

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中文摘要:

为探究超宽膜覆盖下水肥耦合对滴灌棉田土壤水热分布和棉花生长的影响，本研究于 2024年 4—10月在新疆石河子大学现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验站开展试验，以“春秋 800”棉花为试验材料，设置 3 个灌水量[4 500 m³·hm^-2（W1）、3 800 m³·hm^-2（W2）、3 100 m³·hm^-2（W3）]和3个施肥量[尿素600 kg·hm^-2和磷酸二氢钾300 kg·hm^-2（F1）、尿素500 kg·hm^-2和磷酸二氢钾250 kg·hm^-2（F2）、尿素400 kg·hm^-2和磷酸二氢钾200 kg·hm^-2（F3）]。结果表明：超宽膜覆盖下，W1处理土壤质量含水率较W2和W3处理分别增加5.96%~16.91%和22.93%~25.29%（P<0.01），土壤温度降低0.20%~3.66%和0.01%~6.83%（P<0.01）。相同灌水量下，棉田土壤呼吸速率随施肥量的增加而升高，W1F1处理较W1F2处理和W1F3处理分别增加4.64%和15.04%。灌水量增加促进棉花生长，W1 处理株高较 W2、W3 处理分别增加 0.58%~4.75%、5.61%~24.78%，叶面积指数较 W2、W3 处理分别增加 1.35%~6.87%、11.20%~15.82%。籽棉产量随灌水量增加而增大，W1处理较W2、W3处理分别增加1.58%~4.99%、9.17%~16.14%（P<0.01），W1F1处理较 W2F1 和 W3F1 处理增加 4.76% 和 16.14%，在 W1F1 处理取得最高产量，为 6 540.45 kg·hm^-2。W1F3 处理氮肥偏生产力较W1F1处理和W1F2处理分别增加25.89%和13.90%，水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力分别在W2F2（1.92 kg·m^-3）和W1F3（31.63 kg·kg^-1）处理达到最大值。通径分析表明，土壤质量含水率对棉花产量的直接影响最大，株高对棉花产量的间接影响最大。基于熵权Topsis综合评价，得出超宽膜覆盖下灌水量为3 800 m³·hm^-2、尿素施用量为500 kg·hm^-2、磷酸二氢钾施用量为250 kg·hm^-2是棉花高产节水节肥的最佳组合。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the effects of water and fertilizer coupling under ultra-wide film mulching on soil water and heat distribution and cotton growth in drip-irrigated fields, an experiment was conducted from April to October 2024 at the Key Experimental Station for Modern Water-saving Irrigation, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, using "Chunqiu 800" cotton as the research object, three irrigation amounts were set：4 500 m³·hm^-2（W1）, 3 800 m³·hm^-2（W2）, 3 100 m³·hm^-2（W3）, and three fertilization amounts were set：urea 600 kg·hm^-2 and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 300 kg·hm^-2（F1）, urea 500 kg·hm^-2 and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 250 kg·hm^-2（F2）, urea 400 kg·hm^-2 and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200 kg·hm^-2（F3）. The results showed that under ultra-wide film mulching, the soil mass water content in the W1 treatment was 5.96% to 16.91% and 22.93% to 25.29% higher than that in the W2 and W3 treatments, respectively （P<0.01）, while the soil temperature decreased by 0.20% to 3.66% and 0.01% to 6.53%（P<0.01）. Under the same irrigation water, the soil respiration rate in cotton fields increased with increasing fertilizer application, the W1F1 treatment increased by 4.64% compared with the W1F2 treatment and by 15.04% compared to the W1F3 treatment. Increasing irrigation water promoted the growth of cotton, compared with W2 and W3 treatment, W1 treatment increased the plant height and by 0.58%-4.75% and 5.61%-24.78%, respectively, while compared with W2 and W3 treatment, the increases of leaf area index were 1.35%-6.87% and 11.20%-15.82%, respectively. The seed cotton yield increased with the increase of irrigation water, with the W1 treatment being 1.58% to 4.99% and 9.17% to 16.14% higher than the W2 and W3 treatments, respectively（P<0.01）, the W1F1 treatment increased by 4.76% compared with the W2F1 treatment and by 16.14% compared with W3F1 treatment, the maximum yield was achieved in the W1F1 treatment, reaching 6 540.45 kg·hm^-2. The nitrogen fertilizer efficiency of the W1F3 treatment was 25.89% higher than that of the W1F1 treatment and 13.90% higher than that of the W1F2 treatment; the water use efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity reached their maximum values in the W2F2（1.92 kg·m^-3）and W1F3（31.63 kg·kg^-1）treatments, respectively. Path analysis indicated that the leaf area index had the greatest direct effect on cotton yield, and the soil respiration rate had the greatest indirect effect. Based on the entropy weight Topsis comprehensive evaluation, the optimal combination for high-yield, water-saving, and fertilizer-efficient cotton production under ultra-wide film mulching consists of an irrigation volume of 3 800 m³·hm^-2, a urea application rate of 500 kg·hm^-2, and a potassium dihydrogen phosphate application rate of 250 kg·hm^-2.

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