灌水盐度与残膜量对膜下滴灌棉花生理生长和产量品质的影响

杨娟娟; 罗鹏程; 温越; 王振华; 张金珠

文章摘要

灌水盐度与残膜量对膜下滴灌棉花生理生长和产量品质的影响

Effects of irrigation salinity and residual film amount on physiological growth，yield，and quality of cotton under film drip irrigation

Received:March 04, 2025

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2025.0158

中文关键词: 膜下滴灌，灌水盐度，残膜量，产量构成，纤维品质，水分利用效率

英文关键词: drip irrigation under film, irrigation salinity, residual film amount, composition of output, fiber quality, water use efficiency

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（52369011，52279040）；国家“十四五”重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1900405）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
Yang Juanjuan	College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China Technology Innovation Center for Agricultural Water and Fertilizer Efficiency Equipment of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China Key Laboratory of Water Conservation Agriculture in Northwest Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832000, China
Luo Pengcheng	College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China Technology Innovation Center for Agricultural Water and Fertilizer Efficiency Equipment of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China Key Laboratory of Water Conservation Agriculture in Northwest Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832000, China
Wen Yue	College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China Technology Innovation Center for Agricultural Water and Fertilizer Efficiency Equipment of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China Key Laboratory of Water Conservation Agriculture in Northwest Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832000, China
Wang Zhenhua	College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China Technology Innovation Center for Agricultural Water and Fertilizer Efficiency Equipment of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China Key Laboratory of Water Conservation Agriculture in Northwest Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832000, China
Zhang Jinzhu	College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China Technology Innovation Center for Agricultural Water and Fertilizer Efficiency Equipment of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China Key Laboratory of Water Conservation Agriculture in Northwest Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832000, China	xjshzzjz@sina.cn

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中文摘要:

为探究不同灌水盐度与残膜量对膜下滴灌棉田土壤水热条件及棉花生理生长和产量品质的影响及作用机理，本研究以“新陆早 46号”棉花为试验材料，设置 3个灌水盐度水平：1（S1）、3（S2）、5 g·L^-1（S3）；4个残膜量水平：0（F0）、146.18（F1）、391.73（F2）、555.43 kg·hm^-2（F3），采用双因素完全随机试验设计，系统分析不同灌水盐度下，不同残膜量对棉田土壤水热环境、棉花生理生长、产量品质和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：S2可以改善土壤水热环境，增加棉花叶面积指数（LAI）、干物质积累量及株高，促进蒸腾速率（T_r）和净光合速率（P_n），提高棉花产量品质；而高盐或高残膜量处理会降低T_r和P_n，减小LAI、干物质积累量及株高，降低棉花产量品质。在蕾期，与 S2 相比，S1、S3 的 T_r分别降低了 11.0%~11.4%、23.8%~26.2%，P_n分别降低了 9.6%~14.8%、16.4%~22.1%，籽棉产量分别减少了4.3%~5.6%、14.2%~15.6%，水分利用效率分别降低了5.4%~7.0%、12.7%~13.5%。残膜量增加对棉花生长具有明显抑制作用，相较于无残膜处理（F0），残膜处理（F1~F3）下棉花株高降低5.2%~20.7%，LAI降低13.0%~41.8%，P_n降低7.1%~29.5%（花铃期），T_r降低2.8%~37.0%（花铃期），干物质积累量降低7.9%~44.1%，籽棉产量降低8.7%~26.4%。路径分析表明，灌水盐度和残膜量主要通过改变土壤环境条件，进一步影响棉花光合、蒸腾及生长过程，最终对籽棉产量和品质产生影响。研究表明，适度灌水盐度（3 g·L^-1，S2）能够促进棉花生长，提升产量、品质和水分利用效率，同时缓解新疆干旱区淡水资源短缺问题。然而，残膜虽然可以提高棉田土壤0~30 cm土层土壤含水率，但当残膜量≥146.18 kg·hm^-2时，负面效应显著，棉花生长受到明显抑制，产量、品质和水分利用效率显著下降。因此，在膜下滴灌条件下的微咸水灌溉中，推荐3 g·L^-1为适宜灌水盐度，并将残膜量控制在146.18 kg·hm^-2以下，以促进棉花生长并提高产量品质。

英文摘要:

To explore the effects and mechanisms of irrigation salinity and residual film amount on soil hydrothermal conditions and physiological growth of drip-irrigated cotton under plastic mulch, this study used“Xinluzao No. 46”cotton as the experimental material, and set three irrigation salinity levels：1（S1）, 3 g·L^-1（S2）, and 5 g·L^-1（S3）; four residual film amount levels：0（F0）, 146.18（F1）, 391.73 kg·hm^-2（F2）, and 555.43 kg·hm^-2（F3）. A two-factor completely randomized experimental design was adopted to analyze the effects of irrigation salinity and residual film on soil water and thermal environment, cotton physiological growth, yield and quality, and water use efficiency. The results showed that：3 g·L^-1 irrigation salinity improved the soil moisture and heat environment, increased cotton leaf area index（LAI）, dry matter accumulation and plant height, promoted transpiration rate（T_r）and net photosynthetic rate（P_n）, and enhanced cotton yield and quality. High salinity or high residual film content treatment reduced T_r and P_n, decreased LAI, dry matter accumulation and plant height, and lowered cotton yield and quality. Compared with S2, T_r under S1 and S3 decreased by 11.0%-11.4% and 23.8%-26.2%, respectively; P_n decreased by 9.6%-14.8% and 16.4%-22.1%, respectively, at the squaring stage. Seed cotton yield decreased by 4.3%-5.6% and 14.2%-15.6%, respectively; and water use efficiency decreased by 5.4%-7.0% and 12.7%-13.5%, respectively. An increase in residual film amount had a significant inhibitory effect on cotton growth. Compared with the no-residual-film treatment（F0）, cotton plant height under residual film treatments（F1-F3）decreased by 5.2%-20.7%, LAI decreased by 13.0%-41.8%, P_n decreased by 7.1%-29.5% at the flowering and boll-setting stage, T_r decreased by 2.8%-37.0% at the flowering and boll-setting stage, dry matter accumulation decreased by 7.9%-44.1%, and seed cotton yield decreased by 8.7%-26.4%. Path analysis indicated that irrigation water salinity and residual plastic film primarily affected seed cotton yield and quality by altering soil environmental conditions, which subsequently modulated cotton photosynthesis, transpiration, and growth processes. The study indicates that moderate irrigation salinity（3 g·L^-1, S2）may promote cotton growth, improve yield, quality, and water use efficiency, and alleviate freshwater shortages in arid regions of Xinjiang. Although residual film can increase soil moisture in the 0-30 cm soil layer, when the residual film amount exceeds 146.18 kg· hm^-2, negative effects become significant, inhibiting cotton growth and reducing yield, quality, and water use efficiency. Therefore, in dripirrigated cotton under plastic mulch, maintaining an irrigation salinity of 3 g·L^-1 and controlling residual film below 146.18 kg·hm^-2 may promote cotton growth and improve yield and quality.

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