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| 土壤健康治理如何转化为农业生产力：主要经济体立法与激励机制比较 |
| How soil health governance translates into agricultural productivity: a comparison of legislation and incentive mechanisms in major economies |
| 投稿时间：2026-05-21 修订日期：2026-08-03 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 土壤健康治理 农业生产力 地力提升 激励机制 耕地质量保护 绿色补贴 |
| 英文关键词: soil health governance agricultural productivity soil fertility enhancement incentive mechanisms cultivated land quality protection green subsidies. |
| 基金项目:土壤与农业可持续发展全国重点实验室资助(SKLSSA2504) Project supported: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture (SKLSSA2504) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 土壤健康治理正在突破以往侧重污染防治和环境补偿的思路,逐步进入一个更加关注地力提升、生产能力增强和农业系统韧性塑造的新阶段。本文以“土壤健康治理如何转化为农业生产力”为核心问题,对美国、欧盟、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰和印度等主要经济体的相关立法政策及激励机制进行比较分析。研究表明,各主要经济体已逐渐形成技术赋能型、强制约束型、公共品契约型、资产转化型和诊断引导型等不同治理模式。尽管路径各异,其内在逻辑具有一致性,即通过法律监测、财政支持、技术服务、市场机制和土壤诊断等手段,把土壤健康改善转化为经营主体能够感知、能够计量,并愿意持续投入的生产力收益。结合我国在土壤污染防治、黑土地保护、第三次全国土壤普查以及耕地质量提升立法等方面的实践进展,本文认为,应加快构建涵盖“监测诊断-契约激励-结果评价-长期管护”的制度闭环,推动土壤健康从单一生态治理目标,进一步转化为支撑农业高质量发展的基础性生产力资产。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Soil health governance is moving beyond the traditional focus on pollution control and environmental compensation, and is entering a new stage centered on improving soil fertility, strengthening agricultural productivity, and building resilience across farming systems. Taking the question of how soil health governance can be translated into agricultural productivity as its point of departure, this paper compares the legislation, policy tools, and incentive mechanisms adopted by major economies, including the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and India.The study finds that these economies have developed several distinct governance models, including technology-enabled, mandatory compliance-based, public-goods contract-based, asset-conversion, and diagnosis-led approaches. Despite their different pathways, they share a common underlying logic: through legal monitoring, fiscal support, technical services, market mechanisms, and soil diagnosis, improvements in soil health are turned into productivity gains that farmers and other agricultural operators can perceive, measure, and continue to invest in.Drawing on China’s ongoing practices in soil pollution prevention and control, black soil protection, the Third National Soil Survey, and legislation on cultivated land quality improvement, this paper argues that China should build an institutional closed loop covering “monitoring and diagnosis, contractual incentives, outcome evaluation, and long-term stewardship.” In doing so, soil health can be transformed from a primarily ecological governance objective into a foundational productivity asset that supports high-quality agricultural development. |
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