波尔多液在苹果和土壤中残留动态及环境风险评价

文章摘要

.波尔多液在苹果和土壤中残留动态及环境风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(5):.

波尔多液在苹果和土壤中残留动态及环境风险评价

Residue Dynamic and Environmental Risk Assessment of Bordeaux Mixture in Apple and Soil

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2013.05.014

中文关键词: 波尔多液铜土壤残留环境风险评价

英文关键词: Bordeaux mixture copper soil residue environmental risk assessment

基金项目:

摘要点击次数: 1926

全文下载次数: 1897

中文摘要:

波尔多液是以碱式硫酸铜为活性成分的果园杀菌剂。为明确波尔多液中铜离子在苹果果实和土壤中的残留动态，评价波尔多液施用的环境风险，选择80%波尔多液可湿性粉剂，在江苏徐州和河北石家庄两地分别开展铜在苹果和土壤中残留特征试验。结果表明，波尔多液按照推荐剂量和施药次数施用后，铜在苹果果实上的残留浓度<2 mg·kg-1，符合我国食品卫生标准铜残留量规定（10 mg·kg-1）。徐州和石家庄土壤中铜原始沉积量分别为36.9 mg·kg-1和28.0 mg·kg-1，最终残留量最大值分别为128.4 mg·kg-1和39.8 mg·kg-1，在土壤中有积累效应。徐州果园长期使用波尔多液，土壤铜残留量较高，已接近国家土壤铜环境标准限值，其安全施用年限约为10年，建议慎重施用铜制剂。

英文摘要:

Copper-based fungicides are among the most widely used pesticides, particularly in orchards. The use of copper-based fungicides leads to an accumulation of copper（Cu） in orchard soils, potentially causing adverse effects to the soil environment and ecological system. Bordeaux mixture（also called Bordo Mix） is a mixture of copper（Ⅱ） sulfate（CuSO4） and slaked lime used as a fungicide in orchards. In order to determine the dynamic of the residue of copper ion, the active substance of Bordeaux mixture, in apple fruit and soil, and to assess environmental risk of the application of this fungicide. Bordeaux mixture 80% WP residue trials were carried out in Xuzhou and Shijiazhuang. Bordeaux mixture 80% WP applied at recommended amount left low levels of residue（<2mg·kg-1） on apple fruits, which is much lower than the maximum copper residue amount（10 mg·kg-1） allowed in food in accordance with China National Standard for Copper Residue in Food（GB 15199—1994）. The original deposition of copper ion in orchard soils of Xuzhou and Shijiazhuang were 36.9 mg·kg-1 and 28.0 mg·kg-1, respectively. While the maximum copper ion residue in orchard soils of Xuzhou and Shijiazhuang were found to be 128.4 mg·kg-1 and 39.8 mg·kg-1, respectively, indicating that soil copper residue level was increasing with the application of Bordeaux mixture. The results of environmental risk assessment show that the copper residue level in Xuzhou orchard soil, is close to the maximum value in China Soil Quality Standard. According to the calculation only 10 years are left for safe application of Bordeaux mixture in orchard of Xuzhou. It is concluded that this copper-based fungicide should not be used in abundance in Xuzhou orchard.

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