| .亚热带区稻田土壤氮磷淋失特征试验研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(5):. |
| 亚热带区稻田土壤氮磷淋失特征试验研究 |
| The Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Leaching in a Paddy Soil in Subtropics |
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| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2013.05.017 |
| 中文关键词: 亚热带稻田土壤 氮磷淋失 动态特征 陶土头采样法 闲田期淹水条件 |
| 英文关键词: paddy soil in subtropics nitrogen and phosphorus leaching dynamic characteristics suction cup sampling method waterlogged condition during fallow season |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1839 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 土壤氮磷淋失是农业面源污染的一种重要形式。以亚热带稻田为研究对象，采用陶土头定位观测法比较研究了施肥对稻田土壤氮（N）磷（P）淋失特征的影响。2010—2011年连续近2年的试验结果表明，与不施肥对照（CK）相比，施肥会显著增加稻田土壤N、P的淋失。稻田土壤N的淋失形态有显著差异（P<0.05），水稻生长期（4—10月）淹水条件下淋失形态主要为NH+4-N，而闲田期（10—翌年3月）非淹水条件下则主要为NO-3-N。这与土壤通气状况的变化有密切关系。研究区10—12月（闲田期）稻田P的淋失明显高于其他时期，是稻田土壤P淋失的主要阶段。控制土壤N、P累积是降低稻田土壤N、P淋失的重要途径。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Nitrogen（N） and phosphorus（P） leaching in soil is regarded as one of the important aspects of agricultural nonpoint source pollution. The characteristics of N and P leaching from a double rice-cropped paddy soil in subtropics with two fertilization treatments（Fert：195 kgN·hm-2 season-1 and 69 kgP·hm-2 season-1, and CK：no fertilizers）were studied using a suction cup sampling method. The field observations were conducted at four soil depths：15 cm, 30 cm, 60 cm, and 90 cm from soil surface and from April 2010 to November 2011. Our results showed that compared with CK the Fert treatment significantly enhanced the leaching of N and P in paddy soil, in particular during the rice growing season. The leached N was observed significantly different（P<0.05） in N forms at different observation times, i.e. ammonium N dominated during the rice growing season under water-logged condition（April-middle October） and contrarily nitrate N prevailed during the fallow season under drained condition（late October-March）. This was expected to be attributed to the alteration of soil aeration. The P leaching risk in the fallow season（October-December） under drained condition was significantly greater than other periods. Therefore, the fallow season was probably the key P leaching period in the paddy soil in this area. We speculated that controlling N and P accumulation in soil and strengthening water management during the fallow season could be the effective approaches to reduce N and P leaching risk of paddy soil. Besides, it was also found that compared with the 0.01 mol·L-1 CaCl2 and Olsen（0.5 mol·L-1 NaHCO3） extraction methods, the Bray-1（0.03 mol·L-1 NH4F + 0.025 mol·L-1 HCl） method performed the best to determine the P leaching risk of paddy soils in this study area. |
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