| 郭梨锦,曹凑贵,张枝盛,刘天奇,李成芳.耕作方式和秸秆还田对稻田表层土壤微生物群落的短期影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(8):1577-1584. |
| 耕作方式和秸秆还田对稻田表层土壤微生物群落的短期影响 |
| Short-term Effects of Tillage Practices and Wheat-straw Returned to Rice Fields on Topsoil Microbial Community Structure and Microbial diversity in Central China |
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| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2013.08.013 |
| 中文关键词: 水稻 秸秆还田 土壤微生物 磷脂脂肪酸 |
| 英文关键词: rice straw returning soil microbial communities phospholipid fatty acids（PLFA） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 土壤微生物作为土壤生态系统的重要组成部分，对农艺措施响应敏感，为此采用磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）法研究短期耕作和小麦秸秆还田对稻田表层土壤（0~5 cm）微生物群落结构和多样性的影响。2011年在湖北省均川镇，设置了免耕（NT）和翻耕（PT）两种耕作方式以及 6000 kg·hm-2（SR3）、4000 kg·hm-2（SR2）、2000 kg·hm-2（SR1）、0 kg·hm-2（SR0）四种还田量试验。为期两年的试验结果表明，试验田土壤共检测出了21种不同的磷脂脂肪酸类型，以iC15：0、C16：0、10Me17：0、Cyc19：0为主, 分别占总磷脂脂肪酸的9.6%~11.6%、16.1%~19.0%、8.7%~13.0%和7.6%~9.8%,各处理土壤总磷脂脂肪酸含量在 25.35~43.06 nmol·g-1波动;免耕显著提高了表层土壤革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌,显著降低真菌和革兰氏阴性菌的生物量以及真菌/细菌、单不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸和Shannon-Winner指数；秸秆还田显著提高了细菌、真菌、革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌的生物量以及真菌/细菌、Shannon-Winner指数、Simpson指数和Margalf丰度指数。因此，秸秆还田提高了表层土壤微生物生物量和微生物多样性，短期免耕主要影响微生物群落结构。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Soil microbial community which responses soil quality has been regarded as a sensitive indicator of soil ecosystems. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of tillage practices and residue returning on top soil（0~5 cm） microbial community structures and microbial diversity using phospholipid fatty acid（PLFA） at Junchuan town in Hubei Province of China. Treatments were established following a split-plot design of a randomized complete block with tillage practices[plough tillage（PT） and no-tillage（NT）] as the main plot and wheat straw returning level [6000 kg·hm-2（SR3）, 4000 kg·hm-2（SR2）, 2000 kg·hm-2（SR1） and 0 kg·hm-2（SR0）] as the sub-plot treatment. The results showed that the PLFAs of iC15：0, C16：0, 10Me17：0, Cyc19：0 were dominant in microbial community. They accounted for 9.6%~11.6%, 16.1%~19.0%, 8.7%~13.0% and 7.6%~9.8% of total PLFAs contents，respectively. The PLFAs contents of different treatments ranged from 25.35 nmol·g-1 to 43.06 nmol·g-1. Tilling soil significantly enhanced the abundance of PLFAs indicator of fungi, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi/bacterial ratio, MUFA/STFA ratio and Shannon-Winner index, while G+/G- bacteria ratio decreased significantly under PT as compared with NT. Residue straw returning had a significant positive effect on bacteria, fungi, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, fungi/bacteria, Shannon-Winner, Simpson index and Margalf index. Therefore, our results suggest that wheat straw residue returned to paddy fields enhanced microbial community biomass and increased microbial diversity, while tillage practices significantly changed microbial community structure on paddy topsoil. |
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