氮肥施用方式对油菜生长季氧化亚氮排放的影响

岳芳; 周 炜; 王子臣; 陈留根; 朱普平; 盛 婧; 郑建初

文章摘要

岳芳,周炜,王子臣,陈留根,朱普平,盛婧,郑建初.氮肥施用方式对油菜生长季氧化亚氮排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(8):1690-1696.

氮肥施用方式对油菜生长季氧化亚氮排放的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Modes on Nitrous Oxide Emissions During Growing Season of Oilseed Rape（Brassica napus）

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2013.08.029

中文关键词: N2O排放施氮方式氮肥利用率产量单位产量N2O排放油菜

英文关键词: N2O emission nitrogen application modes nitrogen use efficiency grain yield specific N2O emission oilseed rape（Brassica napus）

基金项目:

作者	单位
岳芳	江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所；江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心
周炜	江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所；江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心
王子臣	江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所；江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心
陈留根	江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所；江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心
朱普平	江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所；江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心
盛婧	江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所；江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心
郑建初	江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心

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中文摘要:

氮肥深施（条施、穴施）有利于提高肥料利用率和作物产量，但其对农田氧化亚氮排放的影响尚不明确。以不施氮肥为对照，研究了氮肥撒施、条施和穴施对水稻-油菜轮作系统油菜生长季氧化亚氮排放、氮肥利用率和产量的影响。结果表明：氮肥的施用改变了油菜生长期间N2O排放通量的季节变化规律，不施氮对照除在油菜移栽后第10 d N2O排放通量较大外，其余时间排放均较为微弱。氮肥撒施、氮肥条施和氮肥穴施均在油菜移栽后第10 d和第117 d出现N2O排放小高峰，排放最大高峰出现在移栽后第100 d。氮肥深施显著提高油菜生长季N2O总排放量、氮肥利用率和产量。与氮肥撒施相比，氮肥条施和氮肥穴施分别增加N2O总排放量37.2%和19.3%，提高氮肥利用率72.3%和59.3%，增产28.8%和25.8%，而单位产量N2O排放量与氮肥撒施无显著差异；氮肥条施的单位产量N2O排放量显著低于氮肥穴施。研究表明，在获得相同产量的前提下氮肥撒施并无减排N2O的优势，水稻-油菜轮作系统油菜生长过程中在氮肥深施时采用条施有利于N2O减排。

英文摘要:

Deep point placement of nitrogen fertilizer has been shown to increase nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield, but its affect on N2O emissions is currently not well documented. This paper studied the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application modes, including surface broadcast placement（SN）, band placement（BN）, and hole placement（HN） of urea, plus an unfertilized control（CK）, on soil nitrous oxide（N2O） emissions during the oilseed rape-growing season from a rice-oilseed rape rotation field in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The results showed that the seasonal variation characteristic of N2O emission was significantly influenced by nitrogen fertilizer application. During the oilseed rape-growing season, CK had only one peak of N2O flux at 10 days after oilseed rape transplanting. However, SN, BN and HN had three peaks of N2O flux, and the largest peak was observed at 100 days after oilseed rape transplanting. Compared with SN, BN significantly increased seasonal N2O total emissions, nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield by 37.2%, 72.3% and 28.8%, while HN increased by 19.3%, 59.3% and 25.8%, respectively. The SN practice did not decrease specific N2O emission as compared with BN and HN, respectively. Relative to HN, BN significantly decreased specific N2O emission. Considering N2O emission and grain yield, the results of this preliminary study suggest that deep point placement of nitrogen fertilizer would not increase seasonal N2O total emissions; band placement of nitrogen fertilizer can effectively decrease N2O total emissions during the oilseed rape-growing season from the rice-oilseed rape rotation system as compared to hole placement.

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