| 毕晓庆,山 楠,杜连凤,安志装,赵同科,张成军.氮肥用量对设施滴灌栽培番茄产量品质及土壤硝态氮累积的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(11):2246-2250. |
| 氮肥用量对设施滴灌栽培番茄产量品质及土壤硝态氮累积的影响 |
| Effects of Nitrogen Rates on Tomato Yield and Quality and Soil Nitrate Accumulation Under Drip Irrigation in Solar Greenhouse |
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| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2013.11.020 |
| 中文关键词: 设施番茄 施氮量 土壤硝态氮 产量 品质 |
| 英文关键词: tomato nitrogen application rate soil nitrate yield nutritional quality |
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| 摘要点击次数: 2307 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了明确滴灌条件下设施番茄适宜的氮肥施用量，选择北京市顺义区代表性日光温室进行田间试验，设置0、90、180、270、360、450 kg·hm-2 6个氮肥水平，研究不同氮肥用量对设施滴灌栽培番茄产量、品质及土壤硝态氮累积分布的影响。结果表明：氮肥施用量为0~360 kg·hm-2时，随氮肥施用量的增加番茄产量增高；当施氮量超过360 kg·hm-2时，番茄产量随施氮量增加却呈下降趋势。番茄品质随施氮量的增加而提高，当施氮量为450 kg·hm-2时，番茄果实的糖酸比最高，风味较佳。随着施N量的增加，各层土壤硝态氮含量明显增加，尤其当施氮量大于270 kg·hm-2时，土壤硝态氮含量显著增加。施氮量360 kg·hm-2为0~100 cm土壤硝态氮累积量增加的拐点，土壤硝态氮累积量与0~360 kg·hm-2施氮量呈线性相关。结合北京郊区土壤肥力状况，番茄氮肥推荐施用量为270~360 kg·hm-2，在当前农民习惯施氮量450 kg·hm-2条件下，减少氮肥用量20%~40%，可以达到设施番茄高产、优质，且环境风险较小的目的。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Soil excessive nitrogen（N） causes nitrate pollution in water. Optimal N fertilizer would maintain plant yield and improve water quality. A field trial was carried out to examine the effects of six N application rates（0、90、180、270、360、450 kg N·hm-2） on yield and quality of tomatoes and soil nitrate accumulation in solar greenhouses with drip irrigation in Shunyi District, Beijing. Tomato yield was highest at 360 kg N·hm-2. The highest ratio of soluble sugar to titratable acid contents in tomato fruit was observed at 450 kg N·hm-2. Soil nitrate concentration increased significantly with increasing N application rates, particularly when the rates exceeded 270 kg N·hm-2. These results suggest that the N application rates of 270~360 kg·hm-2, 60%~80% of the typical N application rate, would be optimal for tomato growth and soil nitrate control under drip irrigation in greenhouses. This represents a 20%~40% reduction of the typical N application rate of 450 kg·hm-2, and a significant improvement in tomato yield and quality and a reduction in the risk of nitrate release into environment. |
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