含磷材料及生物炭对复合重金属污染土壤修复效果与修复机理

梁 媛; 李飞跃; 杨 帆; 施维林

文章摘要

梁媛,李飞跃,杨帆,施维林.含磷材料及生物炭对复合重金属污染土壤修复效果与修复机理[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(12):2377-2383.

含磷材料及生物炭对复合重金属污染土壤修复效果与修复机理

Immobilization and Its Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils by Phosphate-containing Amendment and Biochar

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2013.12.010

中文关键词: 重金属土壤生物炭含磷材料固定机理

英文关键词: heavy metals biochar phosphorus material immobilization mechanism

基金项目:

作者	单位
梁媛	上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院，上海 200240；苏州科技学院环境科学与工程学院，苏州 215011
李飞跃	上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院，上海 200240；安徽科技学院城建与环境学院，凤阳 233100
杨帆	上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院，上海 200240
施维林	苏州科技学院环境科学与工程学院，苏州 215011

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中文摘要:

选取含磷材料（PT）、牛粪生物炭（DM）和水稻秸秆生物炭（RS）实施Pb、Zn、Cd复合污染土壤化学稳定修复，进而评价修复效果，并分析影响因素；借助BCR连续提取法和X射线衍射光谱（XRD）探讨可能存在的修复机理。经过56 d的化学稳定修复，修复材料均能显著降低TCLP提取态Pb、Zn、Cd，修复效果均为：Pb＞Zn＞Cd。三种修复材料对Pb、Cd的修复效果为PT＞DM＞RS，对Zn的修复效果基本相同。PT处理使土壤TCLP提取态的Pb、Zn、Cd分别降低了77.6%、31.5%、27.9%；DM处理使TCLP提取态的Pb、Zn、Cd分别降低了56.0%、26.1%、10.0%；RS处理使TCLP提取态的Pb、Zn、Cd分别降低了３５．８％，２５．０％和４．４％。三种修复材料均可促进Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ从不稳定态向稳定状态转化。ＰＴ对Ｐｂ的固定机理主要是溶解－沉淀，ＸＲＤ证明有Ｃａ２Ｐｂ８（ＰＯ４）６（ＯＨ）２和Ｐｂ１０（ＰＯ４）６（ＯＨ）２沉淀生成；ＤＭ固定Ｐｂ包括沉淀、吸附、离子交换等，ＸＲＤ证明有Ｃａ２Ｐｂ８（ＰＯ４）６（ＯＨ）２生成；ＲＳ固定Ｐｂ主要为吸附、离子交换。研究结果表明，含磷材料和牛粪生物炭可作为理想的土壤Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ的修复材料。

英文摘要:

Biochar has been used to remediate soils contaminated by heavy metals. In this study we compared the immobilization of Pb, Zn and Cd in soils by phosphorus-containing material（PT）, dairy manure-derived biochar（DM） and rice straw-derived biochar（RS） . Factors influencing the immobilization and underlying mechanisms were explored. Applications of three amendments dramatically decreased leachability of Pb, Zn and Cd after 56 days of incubation, with order of Pb ＞ Zn ＞ Cd. Of three amendments, PT was the most effective in retaining Pb, and Cd, followed by DM and RS, but they did not show difference in Zn immobilization. Compared with CK, percent reduction of Pb, Zn, and Cd concentrations in TCLP extraction was 77.6%, 31.5%, and 27.9% for PT treatment, 56.0%, 26.1% and 10.0% for DM treatment, and 35.8%, 25.0%, and 4.4% for RS treatment, respectively. These amendments could transform Pb and Cd from soluble to stable forms. The precipitation would contribute to Pb immobilization by PT amendment, as presence of Ca2Pb8（PO4）6（OH）2 and Pb10（PO4 ）6（OH）2 was evidenced by XRD analysis. The Pb immobilization by DM biochar was resulted from precipitation, adsorption and cation exchange, with Ca2Pb8（PO4）6（OH）2 presence as shown by XRD. However, RS biochar stabilized heavy metals only via adsorption and cation exchange. In conclusion, phosphate amendment and dairy manure-derived biochar could effectively immobilize Pb, Zn, and Cd in soil.

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