不同水肥管理对京郊设施菜地氮素损失及氮素利用效率的影响

殷冠羿; 胡克林; 李品芳; 刘荣豪

文章摘要

殷冠羿,胡克林,李品芳,刘荣豪.不同水肥管理对京郊设施菜地氮素损失及氮素利用效率的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(12):2403-2412.

不同水肥管理对京郊设施菜地氮素损失及氮素利用效率的影响

Nitrogen Loss and Use Efficiency in Greenhouse Vegetable Soil Under Different Water and Fertilizer Managements

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2013.12.013

中文关键词: 设施菜地施肥灌水方式氮素淋失氮素利用效率

英文关键词: greenhouse vegetable fertilizer application irrigation method nitrate leaching nitrogen use efficiency

基金项目:

作者	单位
殷冠羿	中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193
胡克林	中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193
李品芳	中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193
刘荣豪	中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京 100101

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中文摘要:

定量分析不同水肥管理下设施菜地的氮素损失途径及氮素利用效率，可为合理制订菜地水肥管理措施提供科学依据。2009年在北京市顺义区设施番茄大棚设置了6种水肥管理模式：（1）传统施肥+传统畦灌（N1F1）；（2）优化施肥+优化畦灌（N2F2）；（3）减量施肥+优化畦灌（N3F2）；（4）传统施肥+传统滴灌（N1D1）；（5）优化施肥+优化滴灌（N2D2）；（6）减量施肥+优化滴灌（N3D2）。利用田间观测数据对EU-Rotate_N模型进行了校验，并计算了各水肥管理下设施菜地的氮素淋失、气体损失和氮素利用效率。结果表明，各处理的土壤氮素淋失量占施肥总量的1%~9%，气体损失占施肥总量的5%~14%，各处理氮素淋失表现为N1F1>N3F2≈N2F2>N1D1>N2D2>N3D2。滴灌处理的淋失量比对应畦灌处理减少了72%~87%，气体损失量比畦灌处理平均降低了40%，其氮素利用效率比对应畦灌处理提高32%~36%。在保证蔬菜产量影响不大的情况下，优化施肥和滴灌均能有效地降低氮素淋失和气体损失，提高氮素利用效率。

英文摘要:

Optimal applications of water and fertilizers are important for maintaining yield and reducing environmental pollution in greenhouse vegetable production. An experiment was conducted to examine nitrogen（N） loss pathways and nitrogen use efficiency（NUE） under different water and fertilizer managements in a tomato-growing greenhouse located in Shunyi, Beijing from August 2009 to January 2010. Six different water and fertilizer combinations were designed, including （i）traditional fertilization + traditional irrigation（N1F1）,（ii）optimal fertilization+optimal irrigation（N2F2）,（iii）reduced fertilizer + optimal irrigation（N3F2）,（iv）traditional fertilization+conventional drip irrigation（N1D1）,（v）the optimal fertilization + optimal drip irrigation（N2D2） and （vi）reduced fertilizer + optimal drip irrigation（N3D2）. We used the field observed dataset to calibrate and validate the EU-Rotate N model, and calculated N leaching, gaseous N loss and NUE. The results showed that the amounts of N leaching and gaseous N loss under different treatments accounted for 1%~9% and 5%~14% of total applied N, respectively. Nitrogen leaching for all treatments was in order：N1F1>N3F2≈ N2F2>N1D1>N2D2>N3D2. Compared with the corresponding furrow treatments, N leaching under drip treatments was reduced by 72%~87%, gaseous N loss decreased by about 40%, and the NUE increased by 32%~36%. Therefore, optimal fertilization and drip irrigation combination practices could significantly reduce N leaching and gaseous N loss and increase the NUE without decreasing tomato yields.

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