| 施卫明,薛利红,王建国,刘福兴,宋祥甫,杨林章.农村面源污染治理的“4R”理论与工程实践——生态拦截技术[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(9):1697-1704. |
| 农村面源污染治理的“4R”理论与工程实践——生态拦截技术 |
| A Reduce-Retain-Reuse-Restore Technology for Controlling Rural Non-point Pollution in China: Eco-Retain Technology |
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| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2013.09.001 |
| 中文关键词: 面源污染 过程阻断 生态拦截 人工湿地 生态沟 丁型潜坝技术 稻田消纳 |
| 英文关键词: non-point pollution pollutant blocking eco-retaining artificial wetland ecological ditch T-submerged dam technology wetland paddy field |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 农村面源污染因其排放路径的随机性、排放区域的广泛性以及排放量大面广等特征，即使在实施源头控制后，仍然不可避免地有一部分污染物随各排放途径输移，对下游水体水质造成很大的影响，因此，实施生态拦截技术，高效阻断污染物输移是农村面源污染治理技术中非常重要的一环。研究表明，生态拦截沟渠技术不额外占用土地，能高效拦截净化氮磷污染物，并兼具生态景观美化之功能。人工湿地技术、稻田消纳技术以及前置库技术，也能有效拦截氮磷污染物，在农村面源污染治理实践中得到了一定的应用，但其占地面积大的缺点限制了在我国经济发达地区的推广。以丁型潜坝技术为代表的陆-水交接面污染拦截净化技术在我国农村面源污染物的过程阻断方面开始崭露头角，具有较高的应用潜力。缓冲带、生草覆盖、脱氮沟以及湿地-多级塘等技术也有一定的应用前景。生态拦截技术的应用需结合区域环境特征和地形地貌现状，因地制宜，兼顾生态功能、环境功能和景观功能，在充分利用和改良现有沟渠塘的基础上注重氮磷养分资源的回用，从而提高拦截效率，实现水体生态系统的生态修复。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Rural non-point pollution is characterized with random emission paths, wide-ranging emission areas, and large emission amounts. An eco-retain technology is vital to block pollutants from transporting into water body systems for controlling rural non-point source pollution. This paper reviewed eco-retain technologies currently used in the world. The ecological ditches not only effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorous in water discharged from agricultural fields, but function as ecological landscape without occupying additional land. Artificial wetlands, wetland paddy fields and pre-reservoirs are also able to remove nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants effectively. However, these ecological approaches occupy large land, which restricts their applications in economically developed areas of China. The interception and purification of pollutants at land-water interface, represented by T-submerged dam, shows relatively high potential to retain rural non-point source pollutants. Other technologies as buffer zones, grass cover, denitrification ditch, and wetland-multistage ponds also have good application prospects. Application of eco-retaining technology for rural non-point pollution control should take into account the ecological, environmental, and landscape functions, in full combination with regional environmental characteristics and social-economic conditions. |
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