| 李艳梅,廖上强,薛高峰,陈延华,孙焱鑫.减量灌溉下番茄施控释肥的水氮耦合效应研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(1):134-140. |
| 减量灌溉下番茄施控释肥的水氮耦合效应研究 |
| Coupling Effects of Controlled-release Urea and Water on Tomato Yield and Soil Nitrate Under Reduced Irrigation |
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| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2014.01.017 |
| 中文关键词: 番茄 控释氮肥 减量灌溉 水氮耦合效应 |
| 英文关键词: tomato controlled-release urea reduced irrigation level coupling effect of water and nitrogen |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为考察减量灌溉下控释氮肥的施用效果，在温室大棚开展试验研究控释氮肥（P600）和减氮控释氮肥（P400）与两个不同减水量水平相耦合对番茄产量、品质及土壤硝态氮累积的影响。结果表明：与常规氮肥U600相比，P600处理番茄的单果重、产量、可溶性糖、糖酸比和番茄红素含量分别增加8.05%~36.1%、9.02%~36.1%、15.3%~27.2%、24.0%~24.4%和26.4%~81.9%，番茄硝酸盐及土壤硝态氮累积量分别减少5.80%~8.41%、20.5%~70.2%。P400与P600相比未显著降低番茄可溶性糖、Vc和番茄红素含量，在减少水量49%（F49）时的产量显著降低17.2%。增大减水幅度使P600和P400处理的番茄红素含量分别显著增加40.6%、18.2%，硝酸盐含量分别降低10.5%、14.6%，但P400处理番茄的Vc含量显著降低10.1%。综合考虑，F33P600、F49P600、F33P400处理具有较好的应用价值，有助于推进节水农业的发展。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In greenhouse tomato production, excessive applications of nitrogen and water have aroused increasing concerns over food safety and groundwater quality. An experiment was conducted in greenhouse to investigate how controlled-release urea at two rates coupled with two levels of irrigation influenced tomato growth, yield and quality as well as soil nitrate contents. The results showed that there was no significant difference in leaf chlorophyll content, stem diameter and fruit width among treatments. Compared with the routine nitrogen application, applying controlled-release urea at normal amount（600 kg N·hm-2） increased single fruit weight, yield, soluble sugar content, sugar to acid ratio and Lycopene by 8.05%~36.1%, 9.02%~36.1%, 15.3%~27.2%, 24.0%~24.4% and 26.4%~81.9%, respectively, but decreased fruit nitrate contents by 5.80%~8.41% and soil nitrate by 20.5%~70.2%. Reducing N supply by 33%（to 400 kg N·hm-2） decreased tomato yield by 17.2%（P<0.05） at 800 m3·hm-2 of irrigation level（51% of the normal irrigation level）. At the two rates of controlled-release urea, reducing irrigation level from 1000 m3·hm-2 to 800 m3·hm-2 improved tomato lycopene content by 18.2%~40.6%（P<0.05） and reduced tomato nitrate content by 10.1%~10.9%. However, irrigation at 800 m3·hm-2 lead to a reduction（10.1%） of Vc content in tomato at 400 kg N·hm-2 of controlled-release urea. It is recommended that controlled-release urea at 600 kg N·hm-2 with 800 m3·hm-2 or 1000 m3·hm-2 irrigation or at 400 kg N·hm-2 with 1000 m3·hm-2 irrigation could all be used for tomato production. Future research is necessary on effectively reducing soil nitrate. |
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