| 周东美,王玉军,陈怀满.论土壤环境质量重金属标准的独立性与依存性[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(2):205-216. |
| 论土壤环境质量重金属标准的独立性与依存性 |
| Independence and Dependence of Soil Environmental Quality Standard for Heavy Metals |
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| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2014.02.001 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤环境质量 重金属 临界值 标准 容量管理法 |
| 英文关键词: soil environmental quality heavy metals critical values standard management method by loading capacity |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 土壤环境质量重金属标准的独立性与依存性是指其土壤环境标准赋值时的依据。依据土壤背景状况所建议之土壤自然质量保护基准值或目标值，视为赋值的独立性；而将土壤作为资源利用或健康与生态风险评估时所规定之元素的限量值，称为赋值的依存性。文中讨论了土壤环境质量标准制定的原则与方法，论述了独立性、依存性和两者之间的关系。土壤环境质量标准赋值的独立性是主动保护土壤资源的需要，通常以背景值为依据获得土壤自然质量保护基准值，它不以土壤资源利用的差异而改变，是保护土壤自然环境质量的目标值；可以土类为单元制定全国标准，土壤重金属可用总量标示。土壤环境质量标准赋值的依存性是土壤作为资源利用的需要，基准或标准受制于多种因素，因而具有依存性和相对性，很难给出一个全国的统一标准，可由产业部门和地方单位制定，以重金属总量或可提取态标示均可。就农产品产地而言，可从食品污染物限量或其他合适的指标推导土壤临界值。在全面考虑土壤环境质量的独立性和依存性的基础上，建议土壤环境质量的保护应该从简单的依靠质量标准，过渡到以污染物负载容量为依据的管理模式——一个新的土壤环境质量的管理思路，它强调了外源物质的动态平衡，以切实保障土壤资源的可持续利用、坚守18亿亩耕地红线和粮食安全。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Soil environmental quality standards for heavy metals have both independence and dependence. Its independence refers to the assignment of absolute criteria values derived from soil background conditions based on natural soil protection or soil quality objectives, while the dependence means the assignment of relative limits based on soil resource management or health and ecological risks. This paper presented the principles and methodologies of developing soil environmental quality standards, and discussed the relationship between independence and dependence of assigning the standard values. When assigning soil environmental quality standards based on natural soil quality background values, the standards represent objective values for active protection of soil quality of the natural environment, which is independent of the ways of soil resource utilization. The national quality standards in forms of total amount of heavy metals may be developed according to soil classes. When assigning soil environmental quality standards based on the soil resource management, the standards or criteria are dependent on a large variety of factors. Therefore, it is difficult to give a unified national value, but to have different specified values depending on different industrial sectors and local administrations in forms of either total amount or extractable heavy metal contents. For agricultural sector, it is suggested to derive soil threshold values from the related food health standards. With overall consideration of the independence and dependence of soil environmental quality standards, a new soil management strategy is recommended that requires inclusion of pollutant loading capacity to better protect soil environmental quality. This new soil management strategy emphasizes the dynamic equilibrium of anthropogenic substances to effectively protect the sustainable use of soil resources and the national food security. |
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