| 王玉宏,李保同,汤丽梅.3种作物对添加外源性Cu、Zn的土壤中Cu、Zn的富集与转运[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(2):250-256. |
| 3种作物对添加外源性Cu、Zn的土壤中Cu、Zn的富集与转运 |
| Bioconcentration and Translocation of Cu and Zn by Three Crops Grown in Exogenous Cu and Zn Added Soil |
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| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2014.02.007 |
| 中文关键词: 作物 外源性Cu和Zn 猪粪 土壤 富集 转运 |
| 英文关键词: crop exogenous Cu and Zn pig manure soil bioconcentration translocation |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1689 |
| 全文下载次数: 2039 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 以Cu、Zn为研究对象，分别在土壤中添加猪粪10 g·kg-1、猪粪10 g·kg-1 +Cu 63 mg·kg-1+ Zn 54 mg·kg-1、猪粪10 g·kg-1 +Cu 126 mg·kg-1 + Zn 108 mg·kg-1，同时设置不添加猪粪和外源性Cu、Zn的对照处理组，通过盆栽试验研究了施用猪粪和外源性Cu、Zn后土壤中Cu、Zn在大蒜、白菜和玉米体内的富集和转运特征。结果表明，只添加猪粪能显著提高作物生物量，而添加猪粪+高剂量的Cu+Zn可抑制作物生长。其中不同作物的抑制强度表现为白菜>大蒜>玉米，同种作物的抑制强度表现为根部>茎叶部。3种作物对Zn的积累显著高于Cu，其中大蒜对Cu的累积主要分布在茎叶部，对Zn的积累主要分布在根部，而白菜和玉米对Cu的积累主要分布在根部，对Zn的积累主要分布在茎叶部。在添加猪粪+Cu+Zn处理的3种作物中，Cu浓度均低于国家的食品限量卫生标准，而白菜和玉米中Zn浓度均高于国家的食品限量卫生标准，在添加猪粪+低剂量的Cu、Zn处理的大蒜中，Zn浓度低于国家食品的限量卫生标准。土壤中Cu、Zn全量和有效态含量与大蒜、白菜和玉米的茎叶和根部Cu、Zn含量具有显著的相关性（P<0.01），因此，可用土壤中Cu、Zn全量或有效态含量表征植物各部分吸收Cu、Zn的效果。3种作物对Zn的富集系数和转运系数均大于Cu。其中对Cu的富集系数表现为大蒜>白菜>玉米，对Zn的富集系数表现为白菜>玉米>大蒜。3种作物只添加猪粪处理对Cu、Zn的富集系数均略有上升，而添加猪粪+Cu+Zn处理的富集系数随Cu、Zn添加浓度的提高而下降，白菜和玉米对Cu、Zn的转运系数均下降，大蒜对Cu的转运系数上升，对Zn的转运系数下降。添加猪粪和高剂量外源性Cu、Zn可显著抑制作物生长，作物对Cu的积累显著低于Zn，对Zn的富集系数和转运系数均大于Cu；作物各部分对Cu、Zn的吸收效果可用土壤中Cu、Zn全量或有效态含量来表征。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Bioaccumulation and translocation of soil Cu and Zn by garlic（Allium sativum）, Chinese cabbage（Brassica rapa） and corn （Zea mays） grown in a soil added with pig manure and exogenous Cu and Zn were investigated in pot experiment. Three treatments, pig manure 10 g·kg-1, pig manure 10 g·kg-1 + Cu 63 mg·kg-1 + Zn 54 mg·kg-1, pig manure 10 g·kg-1 + Cu 126 mg·kg-1 + Zn 108 mg·kg-1, were employed with soil receiving no pig manure or exogenous Cu or Zn as the control. Results showed that adding pig manure only could significantly increase the biomass of crops, while pig manure with high concentrations of exogenous Cu + Zn could inhibit the growth of crops, compared with the CK. Such inhibition was in order of cabbage>garlic>corn and root>stem or leaf. The concentration of Zn was significantly greater than that of Cu for three crops at each treatment. For garlic, Cu was mainly accumulated in the stems and leaves, while Zn distributed mostly in the roots. For Chinese cabbage and corn, Cu was largely present in roots, but Zn most in stems and leaves. Copper concentrations in three crops were lower than the National Food Health Standard（10 g·kg-1）, but Zn concentrations in Chinese cabbage and corn were higher than the National Food Health Standard（20 g·kg-1）, and Zn in garlic with low Cu and Zn addition was lower than the standard. Total and available Cu and Zn in soil were significantly positively correlated with Cu and Zn concentrations in stems, leaves and roots of garlic, Chinese cabbage and corn（P<0.01）. Both bioconcentration factor and translocation factor of Zn were greater than those of Cu for three crops at every treatment. The bioconcentration factor was garlic>Chinese cabbage>corn for Cu, whereas Chinese cabbage>corn>garlic for Zn. Bioconcentration factors of Cu and Zn for three crops were slightly greater in treatments with pig manure only than with pig manure plus exogenous Cu and Zn, being decreased with increasing Cu and Zn additions. The translocation factors of Cu and Zn decreased in Chinese cabbage and corn. In garlic, Cu translocation factor increased, but that of Zn decreased. |
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