| 韩智勇,旦 增,孔垂雪.青藏高原农村固体废物处理现状与分析——以川藏5个村为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(3):451-457. |
| 青藏高原农村固体废物处理现状与分析——以川藏5个村为例 |
| Current Status of Solid Waste Disposal in Rural Areas of the Tibetan Plateau： A Case Study of Five Villages in the Sichuan-Tibet Region |
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| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2014.03.007 |
| 中文关键词: 青藏高原 生活垃圾 环境管理 农村 处理现状 |
| 英文关键词: Tibetan Plateau domestic waste environmental management rural area disposal status |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 鉴于青藏高原特殊的气候、地理位置和重要的生态功能，以及对该地区农村固体废物的研究空白，随机选择该地区5个自然村，通过访问式问卷调查、现场采样、实验室测试等方法，对当地农村固体废物和生活污水的处理现状、生活垃圾的基本特性、群众参与环境管理的意愿和环保认知进行了调研，以期为青藏高原农村地区固体废物和生活污水的管理与处理提供一定的理论支撑和技术指导。调研表明：在受访家庭中，有60.8%的生活垃圾通过简易焚烧进行处理，86.3%的人畜粪便用作肥料，58.8%的牛粪用作燃料，84.3%的作物秸秆用作牲畜饲料，92.2%的灰渣还田，塑料薄膜随意丢弃或直接焚烧，其生活垃圾、人畜粪便和作物秸秆的处置方式与内地有着较大的不同。青藏高原调查村生活垃圾产生量为85 g·人-1·d-1，主要包括橡胶、灰土、厨余、玻璃和纸类，所占比例共计83.94%；生活垃圾的容重、含水率、灰分、可燃物、热值分别为65 kg·m-3、19.25%、44.90%、35.85%、10 520 kJ·kg-1。与其他地区城市和农村相比，青藏高原调查村的生活垃圾具有产量、容重、含水率低而可回收物含量、热值高的典型特征。虽然青藏高原农村地区的受访群众严重缺乏环保教育，其环保认知不足，但是他们对生活垃圾处理的支付意愿和参与环境管理的意愿较强。因此，该地区已基本具备开展农村固体废物管理与处理的群众基础，农村生活垃圾可选择聚居地集中处理的模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Pollution from solid wastes becomes increasing environmental concerns in rural areas of China. An investigation was performed on the current status of solid waste disposal, characteristics of domestic wastes, and people′s environmental knowledge and willingness of participation in environmental management in randomly selected five villages in the Tibetan Plateau. Of households investigated, about 60.8% disposed domestic wastes by simply burning, 86.3% used human and animal excreta as fertilizers, 58.8% utilized cow dropping as fuel, about 84.3% applied crop straw to feed livestock, and about 92.2% returned ash to farmland. Generally, plastic materials were freely discarded or burned. In the investigated areas, the average generation of domestic wastes was 85 g·d-1 per capita, and it was mainly composed of plastics, dust, kitchen wastes, glass and paper, which accounted for 83.94% of the domestic wastes. The bulk density, moisture content, ash, combustible and low calorific value of the domestic wastes were 65 kg·m-3, 19.25%, 44.90%, 35.85% and 10520 kJ·kg-1 respectively. People in the investigated areas were seriously lack of environmental education and environmental knowledge, but they showed very strong willingness to pay for waste disposals and to participate in waste management. Therefore, it is feasible to develop management and treatment systems of solid wastes in the rural area of the Tibetan Plateau. |
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