沼液处理对土壤辣椒疫霉菌抑制效果及土壤性状的影响

曹 云; 常志州; 马 艳; 李彩凤; 黄 飞

文章摘要

曹云,常志州,马艳,李彩凤,黄飞.沼液处理对土壤辣椒疫霉菌抑制效果及土壤性状的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(3):539-546.

沼液处理对土壤辣椒疫霉菌抑制效果及土壤性状的影响

Effects of Anaerobically Digested Slurry on Phytophthora capsici and Soil Physic-chemical and Microbial Properties

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2014.03.021

中文关键词: 沼液土壤处理铵态氮疫霉菌

英文关键词: anaerobically digested slurry soil disinfection ammonium Phytophthora capsici

基金项目:

作者	单位
曹云	江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，江苏省农业废弃物资源化工程技术研究中心，南京 210014
常志州	江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，江苏省农业废弃物资源化工程技术研究中心，南京 210014
马艳	江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，江苏省农业废弃物资源化工程技术研究中心，南京 210014
李彩凤	南京师范大学生命科学学院，南京 210023
黄飞	南京师范大学生命科学学院，南京 210023

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中文摘要:

设施辣椒栽培土传病害严重，已成为制约辣椒生产可持续发展的瓶颈问题。采用室内模拟的方法，以江苏铜山、南京、宜兴3地不同pH土壤为研究对象，研究原始沼液及铵强化沼液对辣椒疫霉菌的抑制效果，以期为探索新的克服土传病害方法提供理论依据。结果表明，淹水或沼液处理均导致土壤铵态氮含量增加，硝态氮含量降低。沼液处理后，土壤水溶性有机碳、水溶性有机氮显著增加。淹水降低了土壤细菌、真菌的数量及土壤脲酶、脱氢酶活性，而对放线菌数量影响不明显。淹水期间，土壤细菌、放线菌数量呈先上升后下降趋势，而真菌数量持续下降。铵强化沼液处理的土壤细菌数量最多，真菌、放线菌数量处理间差异不明显。各处理脱氢酶、脲酶活性于第2~4 d内达最大值，此后缓慢下降。试验结束时，铜山、南京、宜兴3种土壤脱氢酶活性较试验初始值分别降低15.2%~59.6%、7.9%~38.4%、2.8%~37.9%，脲酶活性分别下降了16.7%、17.3%、17.1%；疫霉菌的数量分别下降2~3、1~2、1个数量级。铵强化沼液处理的疫霉菌数量最低，较淹水对照分别降低54.7%、62.8%、51.9%，说明提高沼液氨浓度，可以增强对土壤疫霉菌的抑制效果。

英文摘要:

Soilborne diseases caused by various phytopathogens have been a bottleneck in intensive production of chilli peppers. We investigated the effects of anaerobically digested slurry（ADS, 472 mg·L-1 NH+4-N） and NH+4-intensified ADS（1000 mg·L-1 NH+4-N） on the growth of Phytophthora capsici, the culprit of Phytophthora blight of chilli pepper, and physic-chemical and microbial properties in three different soils using water as control（CK）. Compared to the original soils, water flooding or ADS application resulted in higher ammonium levels but lower nitrate levels in the soils. Applying ADS also significantly increased concentrations of water soluble carbon and water soluble nitrogen in the soils in comparison with water control. Flooding with water or ADS decreased soil bacterial and fungal populations, but had no significant impact on actinomycetic population. Of three treatments, the NH+4-intensified ADS treatment had the highest number of soil bacterial community, while no significant differences were found in fungal and actinomycetic communities. Activities of soil dehydrogenase and urease reached peak on day 2 to 4 and decreased thereafter. Flooding treatments decreased the population of P. capsici in the soils by 10 to 1000 folds. The least number of P. capsici was observed in soil treated by NH+4-intensified ADS. The pathogen population decreased greater in alkali soil than in other soils. The results show that ADS with ammonium could enhance soil′s capability and stability to suppress P. capsici.

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