不同废弃物对设施菜地次生盐渍化土壤的修复效果

钱晓雍; 沈根祥; 郭春霞; 王玲玲; 李加奎

文章摘要

钱晓雍,沈根祥,郭春霞,王玲玲,李加奎.不同废弃物对设施菜地次生盐渍化土壤的修复效果[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(4):737-743.

不同废弃物对设施菜地次生盐渍化土壤的修复效果

Reclamation of Secondary Salinized Soils in Protected Vegetable Fields Using Different Wastes

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2014.04.017

中文关键词: 废弃物设施菜地次生盐渍化土壤修复

英文关键词: wastes protected agriculture secondary salinization soil reclamation

基金项目:

作者	单位
钱晓雍	上海市环境科学研究院，上海 200233
沈根祥	上海市环境科学研究院，上海 200233
郭春霞	上海市环境科学研究院，上海 200233
王玲玲	上海青浦现代农业园区发展有限公司，上海 201717
李加奎	上海青浦现代农业园区发展有限公司，上海 201717

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中文摘要:

以废弃物为原料修复设施菜地次生盐渍化土壤的方法已经被很多研究所采用，但其主要针对某一种废弃物，尚未将不同废弃物在不同添加量条件下进行系统的综合比较。以畜禽粪便有机肥、水稻秸秆、壳聚糖、糠醛渣和竹炭为研究对象，通过油菜作物盆栽试验方法，比较了上述5种废弃物在不同添加量条件下对设施菜地次生盐渍化土壤的修复效果。结果表明：这5种废弃物在不同添加量条件下对设施菜地土壤可溶性盐分均有不同程度的降低作用，盐分降低率分别达到0.2%～24.7%、5.8%～38.5%、5.7%～18.0%、-2.9%～19.1%、5.8%～19.1%；土壤主要盐分离子也发生了变化，有机肥提高了土壤中K+、Na+、Ca2+、Cl-的含量，降低了Mg2+、SO2-4、NO-3的含量；秸秆、壳聚糖和竹炭降低了土壤中K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO2-4、NO-3 的含量；糠醛渣降低了土壤中Mg2+、NO-3的含量，增加了K+、Na+、Ca2+、Cl-、SO2-4的含量。同时，5种废弃物在不同添加量条件下对油菜生物量总体上有提高作用，生物量提高率分别达到128.6%～395.4%、63.7%～82.5%、-57.1%～208.9%、64.6%～118.3%、-3.7%～2.9%。综合分析不同废弃物的修复作用及其经济成本，有机肥和秸秆具有较好的修复效果。

英文摘要:

Soil secondary salinization has restricted sustainable production of vegetables in protected fields. In pot experiment, effects of five wastes on control of soil secondary salinization in protected vegetable fields were compared. Applications of all five wastes reduced the soil salinity to some extent. The reduction rates of soil salinity were 0.2%~24.7%, 5.8%~38.5%, 5.7%~18.0%, -2.9%~19.1% and 5.8%~19.1% for animal manure, rice straw, chitosan, furfural residue and bamboo charcoal, respectively. Waste additions changed major ions in soils. In comparison with the control, applying animal manure increased K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Cl- contents, whereas rice straw, chitosan and bamboo charcoal decreased the contents of K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO2-4 and NO-3. However, furfural residue application increased K+, Na+, Ca2+, Cl- and SO2-4 but reduced Mg2+ and NO-3 contents. Vegetable biomass was enhanced by applying all five wastes, with percentages being 128.6%~395.4%, 63.7%~82.5%, -57.1%~208.9%, 64.6%~118.3% and -3.7%~2.9% for animal manure, rice straw, chitosan, furfural residue and bamboo charcoal, respectively. Our results show that animal manure and rice straw have better performance than other wastes in terms of reclamation effects and economic costs.

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