| 张 娜,李 佳,刘学欢,刘 杨,王永平,梁海燕,廖允成.生物炭对夏玉米生长和产量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(8):1569-1574. |
| 生物炭对夏玉米生长和产量的影响 |
| Effects of Biochar on Growth and Yield of Summer Maize |
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| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2014.08.015 |
| 中文关键词: 生物炭 夏玉米 产量 干物质重 收获指数 |
| 英文关键词: biochar summer maize grain yield dry biomass harvest index |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过大田试验，在夏玉米（Zea mays L.）主要生育时期测定叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、叶面积指数（LAI）、干物质重等指标，在成熟期测定产量，分析生物炭不同施用量[0（CK）、1000 kg·hm-2（T1）, 5000 kg·hm-2（T2）, 10 000 kg·hm-2（T3）]对夏玉米生长和产量的影响。结果表明，不同量的生物炭施用均能显著提高夏玉米产量，其中T1增产幅度最大，达8.8%；产量构成因素表现为穗粒数T3显著高于T1和CK，百粒重T1显著高于T3和CK。生物炭显著影响LAI、叶片净光合速率、叶绿素含量、干物质积累等指标，T2、T3处理能显著增加夏玉米地上部干物质重，在各生育时期分别高于对照9.2%~20.5%和11.5%~36.7%；在生长前期表现为高生物炭施用量更有利于叶面积指数的增加和光合速率的提高，但生长后期，较低量的生物炭施用更有利于叶片的持绿和光合作用的持续，而较高量的生物炭施用下生育后期植株有早衰迹象，从收获指数来看，T1收获指数达57.4%，分别显著高于T2、T3和CK 8.3%、13.2%和6.5%，这表明低施用量生物炭更有利于夏玉米光合产物向籽粒的转运。综合来看，生物炭施用有利于夏玉米的干物质积累，尤其是较低的生物炭施用量更有利于后期叶片光合性能的维持和籽粒产量的提高。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Biochar has capacity to increase soil organic carbon content, retain soil nutrients and hold soil water, thus enhancing plant growth and yield. In the present study, a field experiment with four biochar rates was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar on the growth and yield of summer maize：1000 kg·hm-2（T1）, 5000 kg·hm-2（T2）, 10 000 kg·hm-2（T3） and control（CK, no biochar）. The SPAD（Soil and Plant Analyzer Development） values, leaf area index（LAI）, chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of leaves, dry biomass were measured at seeding stage, elongation stage, tasseling stage and filling stage. Grain yield was measured after harvest. Biochar application significantly improved the yield of summer maize, with the highest grain yield observed in the T1 treatment, whose yield was 8.8% higher than that of CK. However, kernels per spike were significantly higher in T3 than in both T1 and CK. Biochar supply increased dry biomass of maize in T2 and T3 treatments by 9.2%~20.5% and 11.5%~36.7% , respectively, relative to CK. At the early growth stage, higher rates of biochar notably increased LAI and leaf net photosynthetic rates, whereas at the later growth stage biochar application at lower rates was favorable to sustain the LAI and net photosynthetic rates, and higher biochar resulted in early senescence. The harvest index was 57.4% in the T1, which was 8.3%, 13.2%, and 6.5% higher than that of T2, T3 and CK, respectively. These results show that low amount of biochar enhances the transfer of photosynthetic product to and accumulation in grains of summer maize. |
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