| 山 楠,赵同科,毕晓庆,安志装,赵丽平,杜连凤.不同施氮水平下小麦田氨挥发规律研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(9):1858-1865. |
| 不同施氮水平下小麦田氨挥发规律研究 |
| Ammonia Volatilization from Wheat Soil Under Different Nitrogen Rates |
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| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2014.09.026 |
| 中文关键词: 施氮量 氨挥发 冬小麦 原位测定 |
| 英文关键词: nitrogen fertilizer ammonia volatilization winter-wheat in situ determination |
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| 摘要点击次数: 2945 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了研究施氮水平对农田土壤氨挥发的影响机制，依据北京房山农田土壤类型，结合当地农民种植与施氮习惯，设定N0~N7共8个施氮水平，施肥量分别为0、50、100、150、200、250、300、400 kg·hm-2，利用田间试验原位测定的方法，研究分析了京郊冬小麦田种植体系氨挥发损失的规律及氮肥剂量效应。结果表明，冬小麦种植体系在施入氮肥后发生了明显的氨挥发，且氨挥发主要发生在施肥后1~2周内，在施肥后2~3 d出现氨挥发速率峰值，基肥与追肥后氨挥发速率最大分别达到2.41、1.42 kg·hm-2·d-1，基肥期氨挥发量在0.81～14.29 kg·hm-2，追肥期氨挥发量在2.20～6.91 kg·hm-2。在整个冬小麦生长期间，高施氮量处理的氨挥发量均高于低施氮量处理。当施氮量超过150 kg·hm-2时, 由于氨挥发增加导致农田氮损失显著提高，优化施肥量能明显降低冬小麦种植过程中的氨挥发损失。施氮水平为150 kg·hm-2的冬小麦产量为5 493.63 kg·hm-2，高于其他施氮水平处理的小麦产量。可见，合理的氮肥用量能够兼顾产量和生态环境，本研究中在150 kg·hm-2的氮肥水平下，小麦产量最高且氨挥发损失较低。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Ammonia volatilization is a major pathway of nitrogen losses from soils. Here a field experiment with different nitrogen rates was set up in Fangshan district, Beijing. The nitrogen rates included N0（0 kg·hm-2）, N1（50 kg·hm-2）, N2（100 kg·hm-2）, N3（150 kg·hm-2）, N4（200 kg·hm-2）, N5（250 kg·hm-2）, N6（300 kg·hm-2）, and N7（400 kg·hm-2）. Ammonia volatilization from soil in winter wheat field was measured using in-situ measurement method. Detectable ammonia volatilization occurred 1~2 weeks after N fertilization in winter wheat field, and the peaks of ammonia volatilization happened 2~3 days after fertilization. The ammonia volatilization rates were the highest after basal fertilization and top dressing, which were 2.41 and 1.42 kg·hm-2·d-1, respectively. The amount of ammonia volatilization varied from 0.81~ 4.29 kg·hm-2 after basal fertilization, 2.20~6.91 kg·hm-2 after top dressing. Throughout the entire winter wheat growing period, ammonia volatilization was higher in high- than low-nitrogen treatments. At nitrogen rates exceeding 150 kg·hm-2, total nitrogen loss increased sharply due to elevated ammonia volatilization. In the treatment with 150 kg·N hm-2, the winter wheat yield was as high as 5 493.63 kg·hm-2, higher than that of all other nitrogen treatments. Therefore, optimizing nitrogen rates could reduce ammonia volatilization loss without decreasing wheat production. The present data show that 150 kg·hm-2 nitrogen would be optimal for better yield and less ammonia volatilization losses. |
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