| 邓勋飞,詹宇,王祥云,吕晓男.蔬菜地农药施用的土壤生态风险评估[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(10):1920-1927. |
| 蔬菜地农药施用的土壤生态风险评估 |
| Soil Ecological Risk Assessment of Pesticides in Vegetable Fields |
| 投稿时间：2014-03-11 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2014.10.007 |
| 中文关键词: 生态风险 评价算法 农药 蚯蚓 土壤 GIS |
| 英文关键词: ecological risk evaluation algorithm pesticide earthworm soil GIS |
| 基金项目:浙江省公益技术研究农业项目（2010C32001） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过对浙江萧山围垦区农场蔬菜种植区农药施用记录的调查分析，建立了土壤生态风险水平评价预测方法，结合GIS技术构建以种植区块为农药施用的土壤生态风险评价基本单元，定量分析蔬菜地土壤中农药施用后的生态风险水平。20种不同农药施用后对各蔬菜地土壤产生的生态风险结果表明，4月份使用多菌灵后产生的生态风险值最高，短期和长期风险值分别达到104.6和106.1，毒死蜱、啶虫脒、吡虫啉和嘧菌酯的施用也具有较高的生态风险（均超过85），而甲维盐等7种农药基本无风险（<60）.同时，针对不同的蔬菜种植区块，完成了不同时空条件下多种农药累加施用后对土壤产生的综合生态风险值（Integrated Ecological Risk Values，IERV）的计算，实现了风险值的空间可视化。以4月份为例，多个芦笋地块综合风险达到了高风险等级，萝卜地块则为低风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Residues of pesticides are often detected in soil, surface water, and groundwater in intensive agricultural areas. Exposure to pesticides may have potential impacts on human health and ecosystem safety. To mitigate the negative impacts of pesticide residues, growers, policy makers, and researchers seek tools to quantitatively assess potential risks of pesticides. In this study, an assessment model for ecological risk of pesticides in soils was developed based on temperature, interception fraction of vegetables, and application rates and properties of active ingredients in interested pesticides. Geo-statistical analysis was then employed to determine the basic spatial units of ecological risk assessment for vegetable production. Finally quantitative risk assessment of pesticide uses in vegetable soils was conducted using a total of 130 pesticide use records for 2010 collected together with soil and climate parameters in vegetable fields of reclamation areas in Xiaoshan, Zhejiang Province. A total of 20 pesticides with predicted ecological risks was identified. Of which, carbendazim, used for asparagus crop in April, had the highest ecological risk, and its short-term and long-term risk values were up to 104.6 and 106.1, respectively. Imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, acetamiprid, and azoxystrobin were the next, all showing high ecological risks in soil(risk values >85). Emamectin benzoate, iprodione, and fipronil did not show ecological risk(risk values <60). For each vegetable parcel with multi pesticides applied, an integrated ecological risk value(IERV) of different pesticides was also calculated, and a visualized map for spatial distribution of IERV for vegetable parcels was achieved. A case study of IERV in April showed that higher risks were present in several parcels planted with asparagus, while lower risks in radish fields. In summary, this approach would be useful for growers and pesticide control advisors in screening high risk areas and mitigating the impacts of pesticide application on soil. |
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