太湖竺山湾小流域果园养分投入特征及其土壤肥力状况分析

程谊; 贾云生; 汪玉; 赵旭; 杨林章; 王慎强

文章摘要

程谊,贾云生,汪玉,赵旭,杨林章,王慎强.太湖竺山湾小流域果园养分投入特征及其土壤肥力状况分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(10):1940-1947.

太湖竺山湾小流域果园养分投入特征及其土壤肥力状况分析

Nutrient Inputs and Soil Fertility Status in Orchards of Zhushan Bay in Taihu Lake Watershed

投稿时间：2014-03-10

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2014.10.010

中文关键词: 太湖流域果园氮、磷、钾投入有机肥养分盈余

英文关键词: Taihu Lake Watershed orchard N,P and K application organic fertilizer nutrient surplus

基金项目:国家科技支撑计划课题（2012BAD15B03）；国家水专项课题（2012ZX07101-004）；江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX（14）2050]；国家“948”项目（2011-G30）

作者	单位	E-mail
程谊	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室, 南京 210008
贾云生	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室, 南京 210008
汪玉	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室, 南京 210008
赵旭	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室, 南京 210008
杨林章	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室, 南京 210008
王慎强	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室, 南京 210008	sqwang@issas.ac.cn

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中文摘要:

以太湖竺山湾周边5个镇为研究区域，采取资料调研与实地调查相结合的方法分析果园养分投入特征，并采集典型果园土壤样本评价土壤肥力状况。结果表明，太湖流域果园总体氮、磷、钾平均投入量分别为N 522、P₂O₅ 674、K₂O 462 kg·hm^-2，其中来自于有机肥的比例分别为51.3%、58.3%和44.0%.化学肥主要为氮、磷、钾三元复合肥，有机肥以鸡粪和牛粪为主。土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾含量均处于适宜至很丰富水平，土壤速效磷和速效钾基本上处于较丰富状态，氮、磷、钾养分平均盈余量分别为N 320、P₂O₅ 426、K₂O 108 kg·hm^-2.太湖流域果园氮、磷的高投入不可避免地加大了氮、磷向水体迁移的风险，因而亟待研发有效的果园节氮控磷技术。

英文摘要:

Planting around the Taihu Lake contributes greatly to its water pollution. In this research, both literature and questionnaire surveys(farmer interview) were used to analyze nutrient inputs to orchards, and typical soil samples were collected to evaluate soil fertility status in the surrounding five towns in Zhushan Bay in Taihu Lake Watershed. Results showed that average rates of total N, P and K inputs were N 522, P₂O₅ 674 and K₂O 462 kg· hm^-2, respectively, in orchards in Taihu Lake Watershed. Of which, organic fertilizer inputs accounted for 51.3%、58.3% and 44.0% of total N, P and K application, respectively. Chemical fertilizer was mainly NPK compound fertilizer, while organic fertilizer was chicken and cattle manure. Soil organic matter, total N, P and K content ranged from appropriate to very rich. Available P and K contents were generally at a rich level. The average surplus of N, P and K were as high as N 320、P₂O₅ 42 and K₂O 108 kg·hm^-2, respectively. High inputs of N and P to soils inevitably increased the risk of N and P migration into water. It is necessary to develop effective techniques to control N and P inputs while maintaining fruit production in orchard in Taihu Lake Watershed.

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