文章摘要
尚斌,陶秀萍,董红敏,郭东坡,郝凤佩,黄文强,王悦.死猪堆肥处理通风率的优化试验[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(10):2047-2052.
死猪堆肥处理通风率的优化试验
Optimum Ventilation Rates for Pig Carcass Composting
投稿时间:2014-03-19  
DOI:10.11654/jaes.2014.10.024
中文关键词: 好氧堆肥  无害化  动物尸体  资源化利用
英文关键词: aerobic compost  harmless disposal  carcass  resource utilization
基金项目:现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-36-10B);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303091)
作者单位E-mail
尚斌 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 农业部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室, 北京 100081  
陶秀萍 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 农业部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室, 北京 100081  
董红敏 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 农业部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室, 北京 100081 donghongmin@caas.cn 
郭东坡 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 农业部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室, 北京 100081  
郝凤佩 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 农业部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室, 北京 100081  
黄文强 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 农业部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室, 北京 100081  
王悦 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 农业部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室, 北京 100081  
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中文摘要:
      利用箱式堆肥法对死猪堆肥处理通风率参数进行优化,试验设置通风速率为100、80、60 L·min-1·m-3 3组处理,每组处理3个重复。堆肥箱的长宽高尺寸均为1 m,每个箱体处理死猪质量为57.7~58.5 kg,发酵原料为猪粪和秸秆。结果表明:各处理日平均温度超过55 ℃的时间均达35 d以上,满足粪便无害化的相关要求;经46 d的堆肥发酵后,死猪仅剩余部分骨骼,3组处理的死猪降解率(湿重)分别为(95.6±1.1)%、(94.6±2.2)%和(96.2±1.5)%,不同处理无显着性差异;堆肥过程不同处理的物料同一特性变化规律一致,堆肥结束时物料中粪大肠菌群数为3 MPN·g-1、pH值为8.3~8.4、有机质含量(干基)为45.5%~51.1%,均满足NY 525-2012《有机肥料》行业标准中相关技术指标的要求。死猪堆肥处理的实际应用中,选择60 L·min-1·m-3的通风率为宜。
英文摘要:
      The conventional disposal of dead animal carcasses is land burial in China. However, it poses a potential contamination risk to groundwater at burial sites. Composting carcasses not only greatly reduces the volume and mass of the wastes, but also destroys pathogens. Ventilation is a key factor influencing the composting efficiency. Here an experiment was conducted using composting bins to determine the optimum ventilation rate of dead pig composting. The dimensions of the composting bin were 1 m(length)×1 m(width)×1 m(height). Three ventilation rates of 100 L·min-1·m-3, 80 L·min-1·m-3 and 60 L·min-1·m-3, designated respectively as treatment 1, 2, and 3, were designed with 3 replicate composting bins each treatment. Dead pigs with a total weight of 57.7~58.5 kg were put in the center of each bin containing mixture of corn stalks and pig manure. The composts obtained under average daily temperature over 55 ℃ for 45 d, 35 d, and 43 d for treatment 1, 2 and 3, respectively, met the national standard. The degradation rates(wet basis) of dead pigs after 46 d fermentation were(95.6±1.1)%, (94.6±2.2)% and (96.2±1.5)% for treatment 1, 2 and 3, respectively, with no significant differences observed among treatments. At the end of composting, the composts contained fecal coliform of 3 MPN·g-1, pH of 8.3 to 8.4, and organic matter(dry base) ranging between 45.5% and 51.1%. All values satisfied the China National Standards for Organic Fertilizer. The ventilation rate of 60 L·min-1·m-3 for dead pig composting is recommended.
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