| 张爱平,刘汝亮,高霁,张晴雯,肖建南,陈哲,杨世琦,惠锦卓,杨正礼.生物炭对灌淤土氮素流失及水稻产量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(12):2395-2403. |
| 生物炭对灌淤土氮素流失及水稻产量的影响 |
| Effects of Biochar on Nitrogen Losses and Rice Yield in Anthropogenic-alluvial Soil Irrigated with Yellow River Water |
| 投稿时间：2014-06-16 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2014.12.017 |
| 中文关键词: 生物炭 灌淤土 氮淋失 水稻产量 宁夏引黄灌区 |
| 英文关键词: biochar anthropogenic-alluvial soil nitrogen leaching rice yield Ningxia irrigation region |
| 基金项目:中央公益型科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(BSRF201306);农业清洁流域创新基金;宁夏科技支撑计划项目 |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 张爱平 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业部农业环境重点实验室, 农业清洁流域创新团队, 北京 100081 | | 刘汝亮 | 宁夏农林科学院, 银川 750000 | | 高霁 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业部农业环境重点实验室, 农业清洁流域创新团队, 北京 100081 | | 张晴雯 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业部农业环境重点实验室, 农业清洁流域创新团队, 北京 100081 | | 肖建南 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业部农业环境重点实验室, 农业清洁流域创新团队, 北京 100081 | | 陈哲 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业部农业环境重点实验室, 农业清洁流域创新团队, 北京 100081 | | 杨世琦 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业部农业环境重点实验室, 农业清洁流域创新团队, 北京 100081 | | 惠锦卓 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业部农业环境重点实验室, 农业清洁流域创新团队, 北京 100081 | | 杨正礼 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业部农业环境重点实验室, 农业清洁流域创新团队, 北京 100081 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对宁夏引黄灌区氮素流失严重的现状,通过大田试验研究生物炭施于灌淤土对水稻产量、水稻生育期内氮素运移特征及氮素流失量的影响.在常规施肥条件下设置高量炭(C3N300:9000 kg·hm-2);中量炭(C2N300:6750 kg·hm-2);低量炭(C1N300:4500 kg·hm-2)和不施炭(C0N300:0 kg·hm-2)4个处理.研究结果表明,生物炭和氮肥配合施用,对稻田田面水和渗漏水中氮素动态有一定影响,表现为总氮(TN)和硝态氮(NO3--N)浓度随生物炭用量增加而降低,铵态氮(NH4+-N)浓度升高;在对各层土壤氮素动态的影响上,表现为20 cm处渗漏水中氮素浓度受生物炭用量影响明显,但100 cm处氮素浓度受影响较小.对水稻生育期内氮素径流损失的影响表现为随生物炭施用量增加,田面水TN和NO3--N径流流失风险下降,但NH4+-N径流流失风险增加;本研究条件下添加生物炭对NO3--N和NH4+-N淋失没有表现出影响,TN淋失表现为随生物炭用量增加而降低,其中TN淋失量最小的是C3N300处理,整个生育期内淋失量为26.28 kg·hm-2,与常规施肥处理C0N300相比,减少9.45%.另外,添加生物炭增加水稻穗粒数和穗数,使水稻理论产量显著增加15.3%~44.9%,其中C3N300产量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05).生物炭用于灌淤土对水稻产量有促进作用,对降低稻田氮素淋失也表现出积极效果. |
| 英文摘要: |
| Application of high rates of nitrogen(N) fertilizer and flooded irrigation in rice production often result in N leaching and low N use efficiency of fertilizers in Ningxia Irrigation Region in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Reducing N leaching and improving N fertilizer use efficiency are important for sustainable and high yield rice production and water quality. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different rates of biochar on rice yield and nitrogen leaching in an anthropogenic-alluvial soil at the upper reaches of the Yellow River basin in Northwest China. Three biochar rates with routine N rate(300 kg·hm-2) including C3N300(high rate of biochar, 9000 kg·hm-2); C2N300(Middle rate of biochar, 6750 kg·hm-2) and C1N300(low rate of biochar, 4500 kg·hm-2) and a null treatment(C0N300, no application of biochar) were set. Field lysimeters were used to quantify drainage amount during the rice growing season by an undisturbed sampling technique. The results showed that biochar amendment decreased the concentrations of both TN and NO3--N but increased ammonium N concentrations in the water layer and leaching water in anthropogenic-alluvial soil. Effects of biochar amendments on N leaching in soil profiles were greatest at 20 cm depth, but little at 100 cm. During rice growing season, the run-off loss of TN and NO3--N decreased while that of NH4+-N increased with increasing biochar rates. Amendment of biochar decreased TN leaching by 9.45% at C3N300, compared with C0N300 treatment. Biochar amendments significantly increased rice yield by 15.3%~44.9% over the control through increased spikelets per panicle and panicle number per hectare. The rate of biochare was positively correlated with rice yield(r=0.962*, P<0.05). Our study reveals that biochar can positively increase rice yield while reducing nitrogen leaching in the rice fields. |
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