| 盖霞普,刘宏斌,翟丽梅,王洪媛.玉米秸秆生物炭对土壤无机氮素淋失风险的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(2):310-318. |
| 玉米秸秆生物炭对土壤无机氮素淋失风险的影响研究 |
| Effects of Corn-Stalk Biochar on Inorganic Nitrogen Leaching from Soil |
| 投稿时间：2014-08-25 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2015.02.015 |
| 中文关键词: 生物炭 铵态氮 硝态氮 氮淋失 土柱淋溶 |
| 英文关键词: biochar NH4+-N NH3--N nitrogen leaching soil column |
| 基金项目:公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303095-10);国家自然科学基金(41301311,41203072) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 采用室内土柱模拟淋溶方法, 研究生物炭对不同土层土壤淋溶液体积以及铵态氮(NH4+-N)和硝态氮(NH3--N)淋失量的影响.实验所用的生物炭以玉米秸秆(炭化温度500 ℃)为原料制成, 分别按照炭土质量比0(T1)、1%(T2)、2%(T3)和4%(T4)施用于褐潮土中.结果表明:淋溶实验过程中, 淋溶初期生物炭对土壤NH4+-N和NH3--N的固持作用比较明显, 且对NH4+-N的固持主要发生在0~10 cm土层, 而对NH3--N的固持主要发生在10~40 cm;生物炭能够有效增加土壤的持水能力, 与不添加生物炭处理(T1)相比, T2、T3、T4处理的土柱累积淋溶液体积分别减少了10%、20%、26%,无机氮素淋失量显着降低, 分别减少27%、48%、61%;无机氮素淋失量的减少主要来自NH3--N, 相对于不添加生物炭处理, T2、T3、T4处理NH3--N累积淋失量分别为62.4、44.4、34.5 mg, 分别减少了28%、49%、58%.总的来说, 土壤中添加玉米秸秆生物炭能够有效降低土壤无机氮素的淋失风险. |
| 英文摘要: |
| Biochars have showed to decrease nutrient leaching losses from soils. In this study, a laboratory column study was conducted to examine the effects of biochar applications on leachate volume and leaching of ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen(NH3--N)at different depths of soil. Corn-stalk biochar, obtained at 500 ℃, was applied to a Haplic Luvisol soil at rates of 0(T1), 1%(T2), 2%(T3)and 4%(T4) of soil mass. The results showed that biochar influenced NH4+-N and NH3--N mainly at the initial leaching stage. The retention of NH4+-N largely occurred at 0~10 cm soil depth, whereas most of NH3--N retained at 10~40 cm. Biochar effectively increased water holding capacity of the soil. As a result, addition of biochar reduced the leachate volume by 10% in T2, 20% in T3 and 26% in T4 compared with the control(T1). Inorganic N leaching was reduced by 27%, 48%, and 61% in T2, T3, and T4 treatments, respectively. NH3--N was the major form of leached inorganic N, amounting to 62.4 mg(T2), 44.4 mg(T3), and 34.5 mg(T4), with a reduction of 28%, 49% and 58% in comparison with the control, respectively. Overall, these results demonstrate that applications of biochar could effectively reduce NH4+-N and NH3--N leaching from Haplic Luvisol soil. |
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