| 尚杰,耿增超,陈心想,赵军,耿荣,王森.施用生物炭对旱作农田土壤有机碳、氮及其组分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(3):509-517. |
| 施用生物炭对旱作农田土壤有机碳、氮及其组分的影响 |
| Effects of Biochar on Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen and Their Fractions in a Rainfed Farmland |
| 投稿时间：2014-10-14 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2015.03.013 |
| 中文关键词: 生物炭 有机碳 全氮 旱作农田 储量 分布 用量 |
| 英文关键词: biochar organic carbon total nitrogen rainfed farmland reserves distribution application rate |
| 基金项目:国家农业部“948”项目(2010-Z19);陕西省科技攻关项目(2010K02-12-1);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201310712036);西北农林科技大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目“生物炭对塿土物理性质和生物活性的影响” |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 尚杰 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100 | | | 耿增超 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100 | gengzengchao@126.com | | 陈心想 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100 | | | 赵军 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100 | | | 耿荣 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100 | | | 王森 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过安排田间试验,在旱作农田土壤中施用果树树干、枝条生物炭,分层分析不同用量(0、20、40、60、80 t·hm-2)生物炭对农田土壤有机碳、氮及其组分的影响。结果表明:在0~10 cm土层,土壤总有机碳(TOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、易氧化有机碳(EOC)随生物炭施用量的增加而增加,微生物生物量碳(MBC)、全氮(TN)、碱解氮(AN)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、微生物生物量氮(MBN)均在生物炭施用量为60 t·hm-2时达到最大,分别比对照(B0)显著增加87.22%、33.33%、18.76%、94.79%、178.80%;在10~20 cm土层,TOC、POC、TN、NO3--N随生物炭施用量的增加而增加,EOC、MBC、AN均在生物炭用量为60 t·hm-2时达到最大,分别比B0显著增加78.05%、23.85%、31.07%,而MBN在40 t·hm-2时达到最大,比B0显著增加50.87%;在20~30 cm土层,并没有直接地施用生物炭,但因为上层生物炭的影响,除NO3--N外,其余各指标含量多在60 t·hm-2或80 t·hm-2时显著高于B0;此外,随生物炭施用量的增加,土壤有机碳储量和氮储量在0~30 cm土层分别增加37.92%~108.31%和1.05%~14.94%,其中氮储量在生物炭用量为60 t·hm-2时达到最大。相关分析也表明,土壤TOC、EOC、POC、TN、AN、NO3--N含量与生物炭施用量呈极显著的正相关(P<0.01)。因此,适量施用生物炭具有提高旱作农田土壤有机碳、氮含量,增加土壤碳截留,提升土壤养分供应的能力。推荐生物炭施用量为60 t·hm-2。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In recent years, biochar has become an emerging soil amendment, and has multiple agricultural and environmental benefits. Here, a long-term field trial was carried out to investigate the effects of different rates of biochar(0, 20, 40, 60 t·hm-2, and 80 t·hm-2)on soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen and their fractions. The biochar used in this study was produced from fruit tree branches at pyrolysis temperature of approximately 450 ℃. In 0~10 cm soil layer, total organic carbon(TOC), particulate organic carbon(POC) and easily oxidized organic carbon(EOC) increased with increasing rates of biochar. At 60 t·hm-2 biochar, microbial biomass carbon(MBC), total nitrogen(TN), alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen(AN), NO3--N, and microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN) were the greatest, which were significantly increased by 87.22%, 33.33%, 18.76%, 94.79%, and 178.80%, respectively, compared to the control(B0). In 10~20 cm soil layer, TOC, POC, TN and NO3--N increased as biochar rates increased. EOC, MBC, and AN were the highest at 60 t·hm-2 biochar, which were significantly increased by 78.05%, 23.85%, and 31.07%, respectively, over the control. Applying biochar at 40 t·hm-2 led to the highest MBN, a 50.87% higher than the control. In 20~30 cm soil layer, no biochar was directly applied to this layer, but all measurements except NO3--N were significantly higher at 60 t·hm-2 or 80 t·hm-2 biochar than those of the control(B0). Applying biochar increased soil organic carbon reserves and nitrogen reserves in 0~30 cm soil layer by 37.92%~108.31% and 1.05%~14.94%, respectively. Soil nitrogen reserves reached the maximum at biochar rate of 60 t·hm-2. Total organic carbon, EOC, POC, TN, AN, and NO3--N were significantly positively correlated with biochar rates(P<0.01). The results show that biochar at 60 t·hm-2 yields the greatest effects in increasing soil organic carbon and nitrogen contents and improving nutrient supply in the rainfed farmland. |
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