| 于亚军,朱波.两种水旱轮作稻田一氧化氮排放及其主要影响因素[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(8):1603-1609. |
| 两种水旱轮作稻田一氧化氮排放及其主要影响因素 |
| Nitric Oxide Emission and Its Influencing Factors in Two Paddy-upland Rotation Systems in Chengdu Plain of Sichuan Basin |
| 投稿时间：2015-02-28 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2015.08.025 |
| 中文关键词: NO排放 水旱轮作稻田 影响因子 土壤水热状况 |
| 英文关键词: NO emissions paddy-upland rotation system controlling factors soil water-heat conditions |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年项目(41301304);中国科学院知识创新工程课题(KSCX2-YW-N-46-11) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 应用静态暗箱/化学发光氮氧化物分析法分别对成都平原水稻-小麦和水稻-油菜两种水旱轮作稻田进行了一个轮作周期的一氧化氮(NO)排放速率定位观测,分析了NO排放速率特征及施氮、土壤温度、土壤湿度对NO排放的影响。结果表明:成都平原水稻-小麦和水稻-油菜轮作稻田NO平均排放速率分别为(8.3±3.7)μg·m-2·h-1和(7.2±5.4)μg·m-2·h-1,而整个轮作周期NO排放总量分别为(58.1±29.2)kg·hm-2和(37.4±14.0)kg·hm-2。施氮既是NO排放峰出现的主要原因,也能显著增加NO排放量,并且其增加效应在水稻季更明显。整个轮作周期NO排放量超过一半来自水稻季,旱季和休闲期NO排放量较少,休闲期NO高排放主要是作物收获后翻地引起的,因此减少休闲期翻地次数可能会有效减少NO排放。土壤水热状况是影响NO排放的重要环境因素,土壤温度与NO排放速率呈线性关系,但土壤湿度对NO排放的影响较为复杂,在土壤湿度条件较差的作物季,土壤湿度的提高有利于NO排放,而当土壤湿度较好时,土壤湿度的提高会抑制NO排放;同时,土壤水热状况较差也是造成土壤NO负排放(吸收)的重要原因。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Soil is an important source of global nitric oxide(NO) emissions. Here NO emission rates were monitored in paddy-upland rotation systems from November, 2005 to May, 2006, using static chamber method/chemiluminescence NOX analyzer. At fertilization rate of N150 kg·hm-2, the mean NO emission flux was 8.3±3.7 μg·m-2·h-1 and 7.2±5.4 μg·m-2·h-1 in rice-wheat and rice-rapeseed rotation systems, respectively. The total NO emission was respectively 58.1±29.2 kg·hm-2 and 37.4±14.0 kg·hm-2. The NO emission flux increased significantly following N application, with more NO fluxes in rice season than in wheat or rapeseed season. More than half of total amount of NO emissions was produced in the rice season. Ploughing caused high NO emission rates in the fallow season after crop harvests, implying that reduced ploughing would effectively reduce NO emissions in fallow season. Soil temperature and moisture were found to be two important factors regulating NO emissions. The NO emission flux was linearly related with soil temperature. However, soil moisture influences on NO emissions were more complicated:increasing soil moisture promoted the NO emissions in wheat and rapeseed seasons with relative dry soil conditions, while NO emissions was inhibited by flooding in rice season with high soil moisture. Poor combination of water and heat conditions caused soil NO negative emissions(soil absorption). |
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