| 张广恪,邓春生,张燕荣.生物炭对土壤拦截外源氮磷等污染物效果的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(9):1782-1789. |
| 生物炭对土壤拦截外源氮磷等污染物效果的影响 |
| Effect of Biochar on Interception of Sewage Nitrogen, Phosphorus and COD |
| 投稿时间：2015-01-26 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2015.09.022 |
| 中文关键词: 生物炭 土壤 TN TP COD 下渗速度 拦截率 拦截量 |
| 英文关键词: biochar soil TN TP COD infiltration rate interception rate interception amount |
| 基金项目:国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07202-009) |
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| 摘要点击次数: 2993 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 采用室内土柱淋洗装置,在潮褐土中按干质量比分别加入2%、4%、8%、16%的生物炭,研究不同用量生物炭对外源污水下渗速度的影响及对污水中氮、磷、COD的拦截效果。结果表明:在该实验条件下,生物炭的添加可以显著提高外源污水的下渗速度,进水10~12 L期间,2%和4%生物炭用量系统的下渗速度与CK无显著差异,而8%生物炭用量系统的下渗速度相对CK可提高593.08%,16%系统的下渗速度最大提高942.90%。生物炭对外源污水中TN(进水浓度为30.16 mg·L-1)有很好的拦截效果,TN平均拦截率为95.79%,且生物炭用量与进水量对土柱系统的TN拦截率无显著性影响;生物炭对外源污水中COD(进水浓度为510 mg·L-1)有很好的拦截效果,2%~8%生物炭用量系统的平均COD拦截率为54.14%,而16%系统的平均COD拦截率为66.22%,显著高于其他处理,随进水量增加,不同处理淋滤液中COD浓度变化不明显。结合污水下渗速度可知,在相同时间内,高生物炭用量(8%和16%)处理可拦截更多的外源氮素和COD。试验初期(进水3~6 L时)高生物炭用量(8%和16%)处理的淋滤液中TP浓度高于进水浓度,而2%和4%系统的TP浓度低于进水浓度,随进水量增加,不同处理淋滤液中TP浓度逐渐降低:8%生物炭用量系统在进水量达到9L时出水TP浓度低于进水浓度,并最终达到45.70%的TP拦截率;16%的系统在进水量达到17 L时TP拦截率为20.71%;2%和4%系统的TP平均拦截率达到90%。综合不同生物炭用量的下渗速度、氮磷等污染物的拦截率,8%生物炭用量的土柱系统可在相对较短的时间显著提高土壤对外源污染物的拦截效率,并减小土壤内磷素流失的风险。研究结果可以为河岸边植被缓冲带新的构建技术提供理论依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Biochar has large surface area and great sorption ability and may be used to intercept pollutants in runoff. In this study, a soil column leaching experiment was carried out to examine the interception of exogenous nitrogen, phosphorus and COD by biochar added to cinnamon soil at different dry mass rates(2%, 4%, 8% and 16%). Higher biochar additions significantly improved the infiltration rates of sewage. At 10~12 L of inflow, the infiltration rates of the system had no significant difference at 2% and 4% biochar additions, but increased by 593.08% and 942.90% by biochar addition at 8% and 16%, respectively, as compared with CK. All biochar additions retained TN efficiently, with an average TN retention rate of 95.79%. The averaged retention rate of COD by the system was 54.14% at 2%~8% biochar, and 66.22% at 16% biochar. As sewage inflow increased, no significant differences in TN and COD concentrations in sewage effluent were observed, but the total amount of TN and COD removed increased in the treatments with 8% and 16% biochar. At 3~6 L of inflow, the TP concentrations in the effluent were higher than those in the influent at high biochar addition(8%, 16%), which was due to the releases of phosphorus in the biochar. As sewage inflow increased, however, the removal of TP in sewage increased in all treatments. At the end of the experiment, the retention rate of TP was 90% for 2% and 4%, 45.70% for 8%, and 20.71% for 16% biochar. Taking the infiltration rate and TN and TP removals into consideration, biochar at 8% intercepted more pollutants during a shorter time. The present research results provide a theoretical basis for constructing river bank vegetation buffer strip. |
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