酸化处理对猪场原水和沼液存储过程中气体排放的影响

李路路; 董红敏; 朱志平; 王悦

文章摘要

李路路,董红敏,朱志平,王悦.酸化处理对猪场原水和沼液存储过程中气体排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(4):774-784.

酸化处理对猪场原水和沼液存储过程中气体排放的影响

Effects of acidification on gas emissions fromraw pig slurry and biogas liquid during storage

投稿时间：2015-11-09

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2016.04.023

中文关键词: 酸化处理猪场原水猪场沼液温室气体氨气

英文关键词: acidification pig slurry biogas liquid greenhouse gas ammonia

基金项目:公益性行业科研专项(201103039,201303091);973课题(2012CB417104)

作者	单位	E-mail
李路路	农业部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室, 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
董红敏	农业部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室, 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
朱志平	农业部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室, 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081	zhuzhiping@caas.cn
王悦	农业部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室, 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081

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中文摘要:

为探索酸化处理对猪场原水和沼液存储过程中温室气体(CH₄、N₂O、CO₂)以及NH₃排放的影响,采用浓硫酸酸化处理猪场污水,利用动态箱法在线监测存储75 d内各气体排放通量。试验分别设置一个对照组和两个酸化处理组:原水对照组pH为6.5(RCK),加酸处理后pH分别为5.1(RT1)和5.7(RT2);沼液对照组pH为7.8(BCK),加酸处理后pH分别为5.7(BT1)和6.5(BT2)。对于原水组,RCK、RT1、RT2的CH₄排放通量分别为32.2、2.37、3.10 g·m^-3·d^-1,N₂O排放通量分别为336.45、23.36、29.79 mg·m^-3·d^-1,NH₃排放通量分别为1.01、0.82、1.63 g·m^-3·d^-1,CO₂排放通量分别为109.14、99.66、110.55 g·m^-3·d^-1,酸化处理显著降低原水CH₄和N₂O排放量;对于沼液组,BCK、BT1、BT2的CH₄排放通量分别为0.24、0.86、0.63 g·m^-3·d^-1,N₂O排放通量分别为2.54、73.43、268.66mg·m^-3·d^-1,NH₃排放通量分别为8.02、1.35、1.51 g·m^-3·d^-1,CO₂排放通量分别为48.9、44.3、44.0 g·m^-3·d^-1,酸化沼液显著增加CH₄和N₂O排放通量,但NH₃排放可显著降低81%~83%,同时酸化组内氨氮含量较对照组增加40%~54%。根据CH₄和N₂O在100年尺度上的全球增温潜势计算各组的综合温室效应,猪场原水酸化后CO₂-eq降低91%~92%,沼液酸化后温室气体增加5~11倍。结果表明:酸化处理原水能够有效降低温室气体排放,而酸化处理沼液则一定程度上增加了温室气体排放,但可有效降低NH₃排放,同时保留沼液中氮养分。

英文摘要:

This study aimed to investigate the emissions of greenhouse gases(CH₄, N₂O and CO₂) and ammonia from acidified raw pig slurry and biogas liquid during their storages. Dynamic flux chamber method was used to continuously monitor gaseous emissions during a 75-day storage period. One control and two treatment groups were tested. For raw pig slurry, its pH was 6.5 in control group(RCK) while 5.1(RT1) and 5.7(RT2) in the treatment groups. For biogas liquid, pH in control was 7.8(BCK), but 5.7(BT1) and 6.5(BT2) in two treatments. The average daily gas emission rates in RCK, RT1, and RT2 were 32.2, 2.37, and 3.10 g CH₄·m^-3·d^-1, 336.45, 23.36, and 29.79 mg N₂O·m^-3·d^-1, 1.01, 0.82, and 1.63 g NH₃·m^-3·d^-1, 109.14, 99.66, and 110.55 g CO₂·m^-3·d^-1, respectively. Those of BCK, BT1, and BT2 were 0.24, 0.86, and 0.63 g CH₄·m^-3·d^-1, 2.54, 73.43, and 268.66 mg N₂O·m^-3·d^-1, 8.02, 1.35, and 1.51 g NH₃·m^-3·d^-1, 48.9, 44.3, and 44.0 g CO₂·m^-3·d^-1, respectively. For biogas liquid, acidification significantly increased CH₄ and N₂O emissions, but reduced NH₃ emissions by 81% to 83%, while increased NH₄⁺ by 40%to 54%, compared with the control. Based on 100-year global warming potentials(GWPs) of CH₄ and N₂O, total GHG(GHGs=CH₄+N₂O) emissions were reduced by 91% to 92% by acidifying raw pig slurry, whereas acidification increased total GHG emissions by 5 to 11 times for biogas liquid. These results show that the acidification significantly reduces GHG emissions from raw slurry, but increases GHG emissions from biogas liquid to some extent, whereas acidification significantly alleviates NH₃ emissions and conserves the N content in biogas liquid.

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