文章摘要
曹莹菲,张红,赵聪,刘克,吕家珑.秸秆腐解过程中结构的变化特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(5):976-984.
秸秆腐解过程中结构的变化特征
Changes of organic structures of crop residues during decomposition
投稿时间:2016-01-16  
DOI:10.11654/jaes.2016.05.023
中文关键词: 秸秆腐解  红外光谱  结构
英文关键词: crop residue decomposition  infrared spectroscopy  structure
基金项目:中国科学院黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金项目(K318009902-1310);陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2011K01-48)
作者单位E-mail
曹莹菲 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100 
 
张红 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100 
 
赵聪 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100  
刘克 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100  
吕家珑 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100 
ljlll@nwsuaf.edu.cn 
摘要点击次数: 3111
全文下载次数: 2462
中文摘要:
      应用尼龙网袋法和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析,研究玉米和大豆秸秆在3种不同试验地(葡萄园、桃园、农田)腐解过程中的结构变化特征,为秸秆还田措施提供理论依据。结果表明,玉米和大豆秸秆的官能团组成具有相似之处,但在3400、1640、1400~1460、1310、1000~1100 cm-1处的吸收峰强度不同,稳定成分存在差异。腐解前后作物秸秆红外光谱吸收峰强度有所改变,随着腐解时间的增加,羟基、酰胺基、甲基、亚甲基和次甲基的含量逐渐降低,羧基增多,有机酸形成,碳水化合物、酰胺类化合物、糖类等逐渐分解。易分解的化合物(如脂肪族结构、酰胺类化合物和糖类)可直接进行分解,部分芳香类等难分解化合物则先分解为羧酸酯类(1725~1735 cm-1)、脂肪族类(1450~1460 cm-1)等中间产物后再进行分解。1560~1732 cm-1处的肩峰与作物残体中有机酸有关。尿素对玉米秸秆的腐解具有促进作用,且与1310 cm-1处的吸收峰变化有关。作物秸秆还田之后,会向腐植酸方向腐解,其结构变化在不同土地利用类型和干湿处理之间无明显区别(P >0.05),与还田作物秸秆种类以及N含量有关。
英文摘要:
      In this study, field experiments were conducted in vineyard, peach orchard, and farmland to examine structural characteristics of organic substances in crop residues(corn stover and soybean stem) during decomposition, using nylon mesh bag method and fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy. Results showed that corn and soybean residues had similar functional groups. However, FTIR absorption peaks and intensities were different at 3400, 1640, 1400~1460, 1310 and 1000~1100 cm-1 because of differences in content of amide compounds and silicon stable matters. The FTIR absorption peaks and intensities in crop residues changed after decomposition. With decomposition, hydroxyl, amide group, methyl, and methylene content in the residues reduced, but carboxyl increased, along with the formation of organic acids and the decomposition of carbohydrates, amide compounds and sugars. Those easily decomposable compounds such as aliphatic structure, amide compounds and sugars were directly decomposed, while aromatic substances with difficult decomposition first broke down to intermediates such as carboxylic acid esters(1725~1735 cm-1) and aliphatic structure(1450~1460 cm-1). The shoulder peak at 1560~1732 cm-1 was associated with organic acids in crop residues. Urea had a promoting effect on decomposition of corn residues, and influenced the absorption peak at 1310 cm-1. The residues mainly formed humic acid after decomposition. There were no obvious differences in organic structures among different land uses and between fresh and dry treatments(P >0.05). However, crop residue type and residue N content impacted structural changes.
HTML    查看全文   查看/发表评论  下载PDF阅读器