| 朱永昶,李玉娥,秦晓波,段智源,万运帆,周伟平,王斌,何佳男.控释肥和硝化抑制剂对华北春玉米N2O排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(7):1421-1428. |
| 控释肥和硝化抑制剂对华北春玉米N2O排放的影响 |
| Effects of controlled release fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor additions on nitrous oxide emissions from spring maize field in Northern China |
| 投稿时间：2016-01-31 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2016.07.027 |
| 中文关键词: 春玉米 氧化亚氮 控释肥 硝化抑制剂 |
| 英文关键词: spring maize nitrous oxide emission controlled release fertilizer nitrification inhibitor |
| 基金项目:公益性行业专项（201103039）；国家973计划项目（2012CB417106）；国家自然基金面上项目（41475129） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 朱永昶 | 农业部农业环境与气候变化重点开放实验室, 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081 | | | 李玉娥 | 农业部农业环境与气候变化重点开放实验室, 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081 | | | 秦晓波 | 农业部农业环境与气候变化重点开放实验室, 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081 | chinayrh@gmail.com | | 段智源 | 福建省气象科学研究所, 福州 350001 | | | 万运帆 | 农业部农业环境与气候变化重点开放实验室, 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081 | | | 周伟平 | 农业部农业环境与气候变化重点开放实验室, 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081 | | | 王斌 | 农业部农业环境与气候变化重点开放实验室, 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
海南省气象科学研究所, 海口 570203 | | | 何佳男 | 福建师范大学地理科学学院, 福州 350007 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了分析控释肥和硝化抑制剂处理下华北春玉米田土壤N2O排放规律及其影响因素，研究不同施肥处理对N2O排放和产量的影响，筛选既能增产又能减排的肥料管理措施，采用自动静态箱-气相色谱法于2009-2012年连续4年对春玉米生长季内的N2O排放进行监测，同时测定了相关环境变量和产量。试验共设置4种施肥处理：不施肥对照（CK）；尿素（U）；硫包膜控释尿素（SCU）；尿素加入占施氮量10%的双氰胺硝化抑制剂（UDD）。结果表明，SCU和UDD处理较尿素处理在4个生长季内均起到了减排和增产效果，其N2O平均减排率分别为37.77%和33.39%，增产率分别为16.04%和6.35%。N2O排放通量与5 cm土壤温度，10 cm土壤湿度和土壤NHsup>4+含量极显著相关（P<0.01），与土壤NO3-含量无显著相关关系。N2O排放通量的较大值均分布在土壤湿度大于60%土壤含水孔隙率（Water-filled pore space,WFPS），5 cm土壤温度大于20℃的范围内。综上可知，长期施用硫包膜控释肥和添加双氰胺硝化抑制剂均能取得一定的减排和增产效果，可以作为春玉米种植中的优良施肥技术加以推广。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Soil is the main source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Fertilization critically influences soil N2O emissions. In this study, N2O fl uxes and grain yields were measured in a maize field applied with a controlled-release fertilizer or anitrification inhibitor. The experiment was conducted in Shanxi Province, China, during 2009-2012. Four different fertilization treatments (CK:no fertilizer, U:conventional urea, SCU:sulfur-coated urea, UDD:nitrification inhibitor) were designed. Automatic static chamber-gas chromatography method was used to measure N2O emissions. Environmental parameters and maize yields were also monitored simultaneously. Compared with urea, sulfur-coated urea and nitrification inhibitor reduced cumulative N2O emissions during the 4 growing seasons, with average reduction of 37.77% and 33.39%, respectively. The grain yields of SCU and UDD treatments increased by 16.04% and 6.35%, respectively, in comparison with the urea treatment. The N2O fluxes were significantly related with 5 cm soil temperature, 10 cm soil moisture and soil NH4+ content (P<0.01). There was no significant relationship between N2O fluxes and soil NO3- content. Most N2O emissions occurred at soil moisture >60% WFPS and soil temperature >20℃. Both sulfur-coated urea and nitrification inhibitor could mitigate N2O emissions and increase grain yields. These two fertilization could be applied in spring maize production. |
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