| 焉莉,王寅,冯国忠,杜晓晴,刘烁然,操梦颖,高强.不同施肥管理对东北黑土区氮损失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(9):1816-1823. |
| 不同施肥管理对东北黑土区氮损失的影响 |
| Effect of different fertilization management on nitrogen loss in black soils in Northeast China |
| 投稿时间：2016-03-28 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2016-0412 |
| 中文关键词: 黑土 秸秆还田 控释肥 氮损失 |
| 英文关键词: black soils straw returning controlled release fertilizer nitrogen loss |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目（2013BAC09B01）；公益性行业（农业）专项（201103003）；国家级大学生创业创新项目（201610193013） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 焉莉 | 吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室, 吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118 | | | 王寅 | 吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室, 吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118 | | | 冯国忠 | 吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室, 吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118 | | | 杜晓晴 | 吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室, 吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118 | | | 刘烁然 | 吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室, 吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118 | | | 操梦颖 | 吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室, 吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118 | | | 高强 | 吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室, 吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118 | gaoqinglunwen@163.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了明确不同施肥管理的肥料利用率及其氮损失对环境的影响，采用自然降雨条件下土槽模拟试验方法，系统研究了在东北黑土玉米单作体系下不同施肥管理（尿素、秸秆还田和缓控释肥）在一次性施用条件下的农田氨挥发、氮径流淋溶损失及土壤硝态氮累积特性。结果表明：农民习惯施肥、秸秆还田施肥及控释肥氨挥发总量分别为26.1、24.2、23.9 kg N·hm-2，占化肥施用量的10.9%、10.1%、10.0%；氮径流淋溶损失分别占化肥施用量的1.4%、1.5%、0.9%，且以氮径流损失为主；土壤0～50 cm土层氮残留分别为42.2、42.3、54.6 kg N·hm-2。秸秆还田处理可以在保证产量的前提下，减少土壤氮残留、提高肥料利用率；控释肥在降雨量少的条件下氮残留相对较高，应适当降低施氮量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this research, the effect of different fertilization(urea, straw returning and controlled release fertilizer) in a one-time application on ammonia volatilization, nitrogen loss by runoff and leaching, and nitrogen residue on black soils was studied by soil box simulation method in order to know the nitrogen loss effect on environment and nitrogen use efficiency of different fertilization management. The results showed that ammonia volatilization accumulation amount of farmer conventional fertilization, straw returning fertilizer and controlled release fertilizer were 26.1 kg N·hm-2, 24.2 kg N·hm-2 and 23.9 kg N·hm-2, the fertilizer loss rate was 10.9%, 10.1% and 10.0%, respectively; nitrogen loss by runoff and leaching was accounted for 1.4%,1.5% and 0.9% of nitrogen application rate, in which the nitrogen loss by runoff was the main form. Inorganic nitrogen residue in 0~50 cm soil layer of farmer conventional fertilization, straw returning fertilizer and controlled release fertilizer were 42.2 kg N·hm-2, 42.3 kg N·hm-2 and 54.6 kg N·hm-2, respectively. Straw returning could reduce the nitrogen residue on soils, as well as maintaining yield and increasing nitrogen utilization efficiency; controlled release fertilization should decrease the nitrogen rate in less rainfall year due to higher risk of nitrate accumulation in soils. |
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