| 李祯,史海滨,李仙岳,闫建文.不同水氮运筹模式对田间土壤氨挥发及春玉米籽粒产量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(4):799-807. |
| 不同水氮运筹模式对田间土壤氨挥发及春玉米籽粒产量的影响 |
| Ammonia volatilization in soil and grain yield of the spring maize under different water-nitrogen management regimes |
| 投稿时间：2016-12-12 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2016-1592 |
| 中文关键词: 水氮运筹模式 施氮量 灌水定额 氨挥发速率 氨挥发损失量 春玉米 籽粒产量 |
| 英文关键词: water-nitrogen management regime nitrogen application irrigation quota ammonia volatilization rate ammonia volatilization loss spring maize grain yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目（51539005）；"十三五"国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0400205）；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（51509132） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了减少氨挥发带来的氮素损失和面源污染，寻求一种节水、节肥、稳产的水氮运筹模式，研究分析了氨挥发规律及春玉米籽粒产量对不同水氮运筹模式的响应。试验采用裂区设计，共15个处理。主区为灌水定额，设置3个水平，分别为525、750、975 m3·hm-2；副区为施氮量，设置5个水平，分别为0、80、160、240、320 kg·hm-2。于2014、2015年连续两年进行田间试验。采用通气法采集田间氨挥发量，并计算氨挥发速率、氨挥发损失量及损失率。结果表明：2014、2015两年同一处理追肥后的氨挥发速率峰值均大于该处理施入基肥后的氨挥发速率峰值，追肥后氨挥发速率峰值比施入基肥后的氨挥发速率峰值分别高出63.31%和62.06%。施氮量、灌水定额以及两者的交互作用均对NH3-N损失量具有极显著影响，三者对田间土壤NH3-N损失量的影响表现为施氮量 > 灌水定额 > 两者的交互作用。2014、2015两年各施氮处理施入基肥后平均NH3-N损失量为5.71~13.95 kg·hm-2，追肥后平均NH3-N损失量为8.70~18.66 kg·hm-2。2014年各施氮处理NH3-N总损失量为13.90~32.21 kg·hm-2，2015年各施氮处理NH3-N总损失量为15.45~32.99 kg·hm-2。处理W2N3（灌水定额750 m3·hm-2，施氮量240 kg·hm-2）既能节水、节肥，又能保证获得高产，同时显著地降低了NH3-N损失量，故推荐该处理为适用于当地的最优水氮运筹模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To alleviate the nitrogen loss and non-point source pollution from ammonia volatilization, this research analyzed the response of ammonia volatilization law and grain yield of spring maize to the different water-nitrogen management regimes. It is needed to seek a kind of water-nitrogen management regime to save water, fertilizer and produce stable yield. A split plot design method is used in the experiment. The main plot was irrigation quota with three levels(525, 750, 975 m3·hm-2). The split plot was nitrogen application with five levels(0, 80, 160, 240, 320 kg·hm-2). Every irrigation quota had five treatments with different nitrogen application rate. There were fifteen treatments in total. The field experiment was carried out in 2014 and 2015. The venting method is adopted to measure ammonia volatilization in soil and calculate the ammonia volatilization rate, ammonia volatilization loss and loss rate. The results show that the peaks of ammonia volatilization rate after dressing fertilization of the same treatment are larger than the peaks of ammonia volatilization rate after sowing fertilization in the year of 2014 and 2015. The peaks of ammonia volatilization rate after dressing fertilization are 63.31% and 62.06% respectively higher than the peaks of ammonia volatilization rate after sowing fertilization. The nitrogen application, irrigation quota, and the interaction of those two elements all have highly significant influence on ammonia volatilization loss. And the influence of the three factors on ammonia volatilization loss shows is the regime of nitrogen application > irrigation quota > interaction of those two elements. The average ammonia volatilization loss of all nitrogen treatments after sowing fertilization are 5.71~13.95 kg·hm-2 in the year of 2014 and 2015. The average ammonia volatilization loss of all nitrogen treatments after dressing fertilization are 8.70~18.66 kg·hm-2 in the year of 2014 and 2015. The total ammonia volatilization loss of all nitrogen treatments are 13.90~32.21 kg·hm-2 in the year of 2014. The total ammonia volatilization loss of all nitrogen treatments are 15.45~32.99 kg·hm-2 in the year of 2015. The treatment of W2N3(W2:750 m3·hm-2, N3:240 kg·hm-2) can not only save water and nitrogen but also can obtain high yield. And it can reduce the ammonia volatilization loss significantly. Considering the aspects above, this research recommends the treatment of W2N3 as the best water-nitrogen management regime for experimental district. |
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