| 韩伟铖,颜成,周立祥.规模化猪场废水常规生化处理的效果及原因剖析[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(5):989-995. |
| 规模化猪场废水常规生化处理的效果及原因剖析 |
| Investigation on water quality of the effluent of large-scale swine wastewater treatment plant |
| 投稿时间：2016-11-27 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2016-1508 |
| 中文关键词: 猪场废水 生化处理 水质 效果 原因 |
| 英文关键词: swine wastewater biological treatment water quality effectiveness cause analyses |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（21637003） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 2571 |
| 全文下载次数: 2849 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 通过连续4个多月现场采样测定并分析湖南某水冲粪猪场典型废水处理工艺各阶段水质，包括pH、悬浮固体（SS）、化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮（NH3-N）、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）的变化情况，探究规模化猪场废水常规生化处理的实际效果，并分析存在的问题与可能的原因。结果表明，猪场常规固液分离后废水SS、COD、NH3-N、TN、TP含量依然较高，分别为3040~4900、6440~11 290、652.3~1044、721.3~1187、55.5~148.1 mg·L-1，厌氧消化大部分去除的是废水中可溶性有机物，COD去除较少，进入后续生化处理负荷高。常规二级生化处理后二沉池出水水质指标中NH3-N为37.9~108.7 mg·L-1，TN为179.1~203.4 mg·L-1，TP为20.1~41.6 mg·L-1，不能稳定达标；后接CASS工艺进一步处理后，NH3-N浓度可大幅降低到0.54~3.2 mg·L-1，但TN和TP去除率低，表明该阶段以硝化反应为主，而反硝化脱氮过程受阻。CASS池出水TP浓度超标且色度较深，通过增加化学混凝沉淀工艺脱色、除磷，最终出水达标，但由此产生大量化学污泥并消耗化学药剂，延长了工艺路线，处理成本高达近10元·t-1。猪场粪污传统固液分离-厌氧产沼-多级生化处理工艺水质达标困难的主要原因在于进入水处理系统的依附于SS中的“惰性”COD、氮和磷浓度较高，妨碍了其降解或转化。因此，改进并研发在前端快速高效去除SS和“惰性”污染物再进行生化处理的工艺，是有效提高处理效果、缩短处理周期和降低处理成本的可行途径。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, we investigated and determined for successive 4 months the water quality indexes (pH, SS, COD, NH3-N, TN and TP) of the effluent at different treatment stages from a large-scale swine wastewater treatment plant located in Changsha, Hunan. The results showed that the effluent achieved by solid-liquid separator still contained high concentration of SS, COD, NH3-N, TN and TP with 3040~4900, 6440~11 290, 652.3~1044, 721.3~1187 mg·L-1 and 55.5~148.1 mg·L-1, respectively. The anaerobic digestion process mainly removed soluble COD instead of the insoluble COD attached to SS, which resulted in high organic loads of anaerobic fermentation slurry into subsequent biological treatment system. Consequently, the effluent from the secondary clarifier still contained 37.9~108.7 mg·L-1 NH3-N, 179.1~203.4 mg·L-1 TN and 20.1~41.6 mg·L-1 TP, which couldn't meet the water quality standard regulated by China. Therefore, additional two CASS tanks had to be constructed to continuously treat the effluent from the secondary clarifier. However, the effluent by CASS process only could achieve low concentration of NH3-N with 0.54~3.2 mg·L-1, but TN and TP could not be removed effectively, implying that nitrification reaction occurred much stronger than denitrification in the CASS tanks. In addition, the effluent from CASS tank was of high chroma. As a result, in the plant, the coagulation and sedimentation processes were needed and used to remove phosphorus and chroma. Unfortunately, this process consumed great amounts of chemicals and produced more chemical sludge needed to be treated, which undoubtedly increased the operation cost to as high as nearly 10 yuan (RMB) ·t-1. Obviously, it was still very difficult for conventional biological treatment technique to treat the large-scale swine slurry to completely meet water quality standard. High concentration of SS and “inert” COD, N and P were found to be responsible for the phenomenon. Therefore, to develop a new technique with completely removal of SS in the first stage followed by conventional secondary biological treatment was expected to enhance the effectiveness of large-scale swine wastewater treatment plant. |
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