| 吕婷,廖敏,叶照金,方至萍,黄小辉,张云,施海龙,沈杰.长兴县合溪水库集水区不同土地利用方式下径流氮流失特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(7):1369-1377. |
| 长兴县合溪水库集水区不同土地利用方式下径流氮流失特征研究 |
| Characteristics of nitrogen runoff loss under different land uses in a rain collection area of the Hexi Reservoir in Changxing County |
| 投稿时间：2016-12-29 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2016-1676 |
| 中文关键词: 合溪水库 不同土地利用 地表径流 氮素流失 |
| 英文关键词: Hexi Reservoir different land use overland runoff nitrogen losses |
| 基金项目:国家公益性行业（农业）专项（201003059）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0200800） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 吕婷 | 浙江大学环境与资源学院, 杭州 310058
浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点研究实验室, 杭州 310058 | | | 廖敏 | 浙江大学环境与资源学院, 杭州 310058
浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点研究实验室, 杭州 310058 | liaomin@zju.edu.cn | | 叶照金 | 浙江大学环境与资源学院, 杭州 310058
浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点研究实验室, 杭州 310058 | | | 方至萍 | 浙江大学环境与资源学院, 杭州 310058
浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点研究实验室, 杭州 310058 | | | 黄小辉 | 浙江大学环境与资源学院, 杭州 310058
浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点研究实验室, 杭州 310058 | | | 张云 | 浙江省长兴县环境监测站, 浙江 长兴 313100 | | | 施海龙 | 浙江省长兴县环境监测站, 浙江 长兴 313100 | | | 沈杰 | 浙江省长兴县环境监测站, 浙江 长兴 313100 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 从合溪水库集水区合理利用土地资源和保护水库水体质量的角度出发，在集水区选择旱地、水旱轮作地、林地、休闲地、苗木地五种不同土地利用方式，利用田间试验方法研究不同土地利用方式下的径流氮流失特征。结果表明：在自然降雨条件下，五种土地利用方式下土壤氮素流失量和流失浓度表现出明显差异，地表径流液态总氮的流失大小顺序为水旱轮作地（156.92 kg·hm-2·a-1） > 旱地（114.24 kg·hm-2·a-1） > 苗木地（35.61 kg·hm-2·a-1） > 休闲地（3.99 kg·hm-2·a-1） > 林地（1.59 kg·hm-2·a-1），人为耕种强度较大的水旱轮作地和旱地氮流失量较大，而耕种强度较小的休闲地和林地氮流失量较小，说明选择耕种强度较小的土地利用方式可有效削减合溪水库集水区径流氮素流失及其对合溪水库水质的潜在影响。结果还表明：不同试验区径流氮素流失的首要形态均为颗粒态氮，其次为硝态氮，最后为铵态氮；旱地、水旱轮作地、林地、休闲地、苗木地径流年均流失的颗粒态氮占总氮的比例分别是61.67%、 61.42%、 75.56%、65.09%和69.11%，年均流失的硝态氮占总氮的比例分别是26.21%、28.56%、16.35%、21.30%和23.20%，年均流失的铵态氮占总氮的比例分别是8.90%、7.87%、6.92%、11.78%和4.83%，意味着合溪水库集水区氮素的流失关键在于土壤表层的侵蚀，可见减少土壤表层的侵蚀是控制合溪水库集水区氮素流失和减少其对合溪水库水质负面影响的关键。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The aim of the present study was to identify measures to better protect the water quality of the Hexi Resevoir,China,via an improved understanding of the movement of nitrogen from land to water caused by nitrogen runoff due to soil erosion.Nitrogen losses caused by rain and the resulting soil erosion were assessed in field experiments on dry land,cultivated land,woodland,fallow land,and nursery land.Under natural rainfall conditions,the amounts and concentrations of nitrogen losses differed between the five types of land use.The annual losses of total nitrogen in runoff followed the following order:cultivated land (156.92 kg·hm-2)> dry land (114.24 kg·hm-2)> nursery land (35.61 kg·hm-2)> fallow land (3.99 kg·hm-2)> woodland (1.59 kg·hm-2).The nitrogen runoff losses from fallow land and woodland were less than those from cultivated land and dry land,which are both influenced by cultivation.Therefore,to improve the water quality of the Hexi Resevoir,it will be necessary to manage the surrounding land more appropriately.This will effectively reduce the nitrogen runoff losses and their potential impact on the water quality of the Hexi Reservoir.Our results also showed that nitrogen runoff loss is primarily in the form of particulate nitrogen,followed by nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen under different land uses.The annual runoff losses of particulate nitrogen from upland,cultivated land,woodland,fallow land,and nursery land accounted for about 61.67%,61.42%,75.56%,65.09%,and 69.11%,respectively,of the total annual nitrogen losses.In contrast,the annual runoff losses of nitrate nitrogen accounted for about 26.21%,28.56%,16.35%,21.30%,and 23.20%,respectively,of the total nitrogen losses.The annual runoff loss of ammonium nitrogen accounted for about 8.90%,7.87%,6.92%,11.78%,and 4.83%,respectively,of the total nitrogen losses.Thus,the key to reducing both nitrogen losses and their negative effects on the water quality of the Hexi Reservoir is to decrease surface soil erosion and eliminate the losses of particulate nitrogen.The appropriate modulation of land-use types is recommended to control the source of non-point-source pollution of the Hexi Reservoir. |
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