| 王燕,庞卓,贾月,王庆海,刘文菊,谢祖彬,郑瑞伦.生物炭对北京郊区砂土持水力和氮淋溶特性影响的土柱模拟研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(9):1820-1828. |
| 生物炭对北京郊区砂土持水力和氮淋溶特性影响的土柱模拟研究 |
| Effects of biochar on water holding capacity and nitrogen leaching of sandy soil column from a Beijing suburb |
| 投稿时间：2017-01-24 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2017-0124 |
| 中文关键词: 生物炭 沙化 砂土 氮淋溶 持水量 |
| 英文关键词: biochar land desertification sandy soil nitrogen leaching water holding capacity |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（41501336）；北京市优秀人才培养资助项目（2015000020060G141）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503106）；北京市科技计划课题（D151100005915002） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨生物炭对北京郊区砂土持水力和氮素淋溶特性的影响，通过分层采集不同深度（0~90 cm）北京郊区沙化地土壤（砂土），模拟田间容重和含水量填装土柱，将生物炭分别按照炭土质量比0%、0.5%、1%、2%和4%施入0~20 cm土层，依据常规施氮肥量（0.56 tN·hm-2）和年平均降雨量（616.6 mm）施肥和滴灌，开展土柱淋溶试验。结果表明：在9次淋溶后，水和总氮的累积淋失量均随着生物炭添加量的增加而减小，与不加炭处理相比最高分别减小41.3%和22.7%。添加生物炭增加了0~20 cm土层总氮含量，最高显著增加158%（P<0.05）。淋溶结束后加炭处理土柱土壤中的无机氮总量比不加炭处理高19.5%~91.9%。添加生物炭有利于减小可溶性有机碳的淋失，比不加炭处理最高减小22.8%。淋溶液pH值和电导率随生物炭添加量增加而增大。在9次淋溶过程中，生物炭添加量越大，0~20 cm土层土壤持水量越高。相关性分析表明，总氮淋失量与淋溶液淋失体积显著正相关（r=0.978，P<0.01），而与淋溶液中的总氮浓度无正相关关系。生物炭主要通过提高京郊砂土的持水能力，减缓水和氮素向下淋溶的速度，从而减小水和氮素的淋溶损失，提高水肥利用率，降低污染地下水的风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A soil column experiment was conducted to examine the effects of biochar application on leachate volume and leaching of N. Sandy soil(0~90 cm in depth) was collected in a Beijing suburb via stratified sampling. And then, the sandy soil was filled in Plexiglas pipes based on the in situ soil bulk density and moisture content of each soil layer. Biochar was homogenized into the topsoil(0~20 cm) at rates(W/W) of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4%. A conventional dose of N fertilizer(0.56 t N·hm-2) was also added into the topsoil of each soil column. Deionized water was dropped into the soil columns, and the irrigation amount was based on the average annual rainfall of Beijing(616.6 mm). The results showed that, with increasing biochar concentration, the cumulative leachate volume and leaching of total N decreased by up to 41.3% and 22.7%, respectively, compared with the nil biochar addition treatment, after nine leaching events. The total N concentration of the topsoil increased significantly(P<0.05), by up to 158%, after biochar addition. The amount of inorganic N retained in the soil column after the total leaching was 19.5%~91.9% more for the biochar addition treatment than for the control. In addition, biochar addition decreased cumulative leaching of dissolved organic carbon, by up to 22.8%. The pH value and electrical conductivity of the leachates increased with increasing biochar concentration, and the topsoil retained higher moisture content following addition of greater biochar amount during the 9 times leaching. Correlation analysis indicated that cumulative leaching of total N positively correlated to leachate volume(r=0.978, P<0.01), but not to total N concentration of the leachate. Biochar addition could improve the water holding capacity of the sandy soil Beijing suburb and retard the down migration of water and nitrogen, thereby reducing leaching loss of water and nitrogen, improving their use efficiency, and mitigating the risk of nitrogen contamination of groundwater. |
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