| 唐文雪,马忠明.地膜降解特征对土壤水热效应和玉米产量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(1):114-123. |
| 地膜降解特征对土壤水热效应和玉米产量的影响 |
| Effects of degradable film degradation properties on soil temperature, moisture, and maize yield |
| 投稿时间：2017-04-06 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2017-0500 |
| 中文关键词: 地膜 可降解 土壤温度 土壤水分 玉米 产量 |
| 英文关键词: films degradable soil temperature soil moisture maize yield |
| 基金项目:甘肃省农业科学院科技创新专项（2017GAAS25）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项基金（20100314-7）；甘肃省科技支撑计划项目（144NKCA053） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨可降解地膜降解特征对土壤的增温保墒效应和对玉米产量的影响，2015年4月至2017年3月在河西绿洲灌区张掖节水农业试验站进行了玉米覆盖可降解地膜、普通地膜及露地栽培对比试验。基于各测试指标2015年、2016年2年的平均值，结果表明：不同降解膜降解速率有明显差异。降解膜A、B、C在覆膜80 d内性能比较稳定，在覆膜170 d时，降解膜A质量损失率仅为12.3%，降解膜B和C质量损失率高达82.4%、91.4%。3种降解膜具有显著的保墒性能，随降解膜破损度的增加，保墒性能降低。在苗期，0~120 cm土层，降解膜A耗水量比普通膜降低6.4%，降解膜B和C增加5.2%、6.5%。在收获期，降解膜A、B、C耗水量比普通膜增加8.8%、9.5%、11.2%；覆盖降解地膜能明显提高玉米播种至拔节期0~15 cm土壤温度，但与普通地膜相比，降解膜A、B和C土壤温度仅降低0.5、1.5、1.4℃。三种降解膜产量显著高于露地对照42.2%、37.1%、38.3%；与普通膜相比，降解膜A增产0.6%，降解膜B和C仅减产3.0%和2.2%。综合上述研究结果，降解膜A增温保墒效果好，玉米产量高，但降解效果最差。降解膜B和C具有较好的增温保墒效果，可满足作物对温度水分的需求，有利于玉米生长发育及产量的提高，并且灌浆中后期降解速度加快，降解效果好。研究认为，在河西灌区降解膜B和C替代普通地膜应用于玉米生产具有可行性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| With the aim of selecting a degradable plastic film suitable for maize production in the Hexi irrigation area, degradable films with different degradation properties were compared with respect to their effects on soil warming, soil moisture, and maize yield. The results were compared to the effects of plastic film in an open-field experiment conducted from April 2015 to March 2017 in the Hexi irrigation area. The results showed that the degradation rates of the degradable mulch films were different. The degradation rate of test film A was the slowest, and the weight-decreasing rate was only 12.3% at 170 days. However, the degradation rates of test films B and C increased sharply after 120 days, and the weight-decreasing rate was 82.4% and 91.4% at 170 days, respectively. Moreover, the degradation properties of each degradation film were relatively stable and repeatable. The three kinds of degradation films showed significant soil moisture preservation properties, and the soil moisture preservation decreased with an increase of the degradation degree of the film. In the seedling stage, at the 0~120 cm soil layer, the water consumption of test film A decreased by 6.4% compared to that of the ordinary film, while that of test films B and C increased by 5.2% and 6.5%, respectively. In the maturation stage, the water consumption of test films A, B, and C was 8.8%, 9.5%, and 11.2% higher than that of the ordinary film, respectively. Degradable film mulching could significantly increase the soil temperature at 0 to 15 cm in the seedling and jointing stages. The soil temperature of test films A, B, and C was reduced by 0.5℃, 1.5℃, and 1.4℃, respectively, compared with the ordinary film. The yield of the three kinds of degradation films was significantly higher than that of the control by 42.2%, 37.1%, and 38.3%, respectively. Compared with the ordinary film, the yield of test film A increased by 0.6%, whereas those of test films B and C decreased by 3.0% and 2.2%, respectively. Based on these results, test film A showed a good effect on temperature increase and soil moisture preservation, and although the yield of maize was the highest, the degradation effect was the worst. Test films B and C also showed good effects on temperature increase and soil moisture preservation, which can meet the temperature and moisture demands of crops, and were beneficial to the growth and development of maize with an increase of yield. Moreover, the degradation rate was accelerated and the degradation effect was good. Test films B and C could be applied to agriculture instead of plastic film. |
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