| 李明,马飞,肖国举.稻作条件下不同施肥模式对盐碱化土壤细菌和古菌群落结构的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(3):495-504. |
| 稻作条件下不同施肥模式对盐碱化土壤细菌和古菌群落结构的影响 |
| Effect of varying fertilization patterns on bacteria and archaea communities in saline-alkali soil under rice cultivation |
| 投稿时间：2017-08-15 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2017-1107 |
| 中文关键词: 稻作 施肥模式 细菌和古菌群落 盐碱化土壤 高通量测序 |
| 英文关键词: rice cultivation fertilization pattern bacterial and archaeal communities saline-alkali soil Illumina pyrosequencing |
| 基金项目:宁夏自然科学基金项目（NZ17025） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨稻作条件下不同施肥模式对盐碱化土壤细菌和古菌群落结构的影响，实验选取脱硫废弃物（T1）、脱硫废弃物和有机肥混合不同梯度（T2、T3和T4）4个施肥处理盐碱土壤，不施肥土壤（CK）作为对照，利用Illumina Hiseq高通量测序技术解析不同处理土壤特性和细菌、古菌群落结构关系的特征，并对细菌和古菌群落结构与环境因子进行相关性分析。试验结果表明：与CK相比，4种处理均降低了古菌多样性，T2、T3和T4处理增加了细菌的多样性；变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）是所有土样中的优势菌群，占细菌总量的25.7%~31.2%和22.9%~28.1%。施用脱硫废弃物和有机肥料的处理Proteobacteria相对丰度提高了14.0%~36.4%，T1处理降低了9.2%。T1、T2和T3处理的Euryarchaeota相对丰度提高了41.6%~115.2%。不同施肥处理土壤细菌和古菌群落结构存在显著差异。施用脱硫废弃物和有机肥改变了土壤化学性质，其中T4提高了有机碳（6.74%）、碱解氮（37.20%）、速效磷（47.83%）和铵态氮（96.26%）。RDA分析结果显示，硝态氮对土壤细菌和古菌群落结构的影响最大，其次分别是全磷、pH、速效钾、电导率。研究解析了稻作条件下不同施肥模式对盐碱化土壤细菌和古菌群落结构的特征，确定了影响土壤细菌和古菌区系的主效环境因子，脱硫废弃物与有机肥最佳配比模式为T4处理组，该处理不仅提高了土壤养分含量，同时也增加了土壤细菌的多样性，有利于维持良好的土壤生态环境。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study investigated the characteristics of soil bacterial and archaea community shifts subjected to different fertilization patterns in a saline-alkali soil under rice cultivation in Northwest China. There were five treatments:CK(without fertilizer), single flue gas desulfurization gypsum by-products(FGDB) 31 250 kg·hm-2 application(T1); flue gas desulfurization gypsum by-products 31 250 kg·hm-2, and different organic fertilizer treatments(T2, T3, and T4, respectively). Five cores(2.5 cm in diameter) were randomly collected from the plow layer(2~20 cm) of each plot in the experimental field and mixed together. The changes to the bacterial and archaea communities, and soil nutrients were investigated using Illumina pyrosequencing and conventional chemical analysis, respectively. When compared with the control, the other four treatments decreased the diversity index of soil archaeal community. However, the T2, T3, and T4 treatments increased the biodiversity of the soil bacterial community. Across all samples, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant bacterial phyla, and represented 25.7%~31.2% and 22.9%~28.1% of all taxon tags, respectively. T2, T3, and T4 treatments increased the relative abundances of Proteobacteria by 14.0%~36.4%, but T1 decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria by 9.2% compared with CK. However, T1, T2, and T3 treatments increased the relative abundance of Euryarchaeota by about 41.6%~115.2% compared with CK. These results showed that soil bacterial and archaeal communities were significantly altered by the different fertilization patterns. The use of FGDB and organic fertilizer changed the soil physicochemical properties. T4 treatment increased soil organic carbon(6.74%), available nitrogen(37.2%), available phosphorus(47.83%), and NO3--N(96.26%). There were significant correlations between soil microorganisms and physicochemical characteristics. The RDA results indicated that the NO3--N came from the organic fertilizer applications and was the most important factor determining bacterial and archaeal community composition. The total phosphorus, pH, available phosphorus, and electrical conductivity also had important effects on the microorganism communities. Treatment 4 was the best fertilizer pattern. These results may increase our understanding of the microorganisms in a saline-alkali soil, and will improve the rational utilization of fertilizer and agricultural sustainable development. |
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