| 张丛光,邱凌,王飞,邓媛方,韩建聪.基于LCA的黄土高原沼气生态果园环境影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(4):833-840. |
| 基于LCA的黄土高原沼气生态果园环境影响研究 |
| Environmental effects of the Loess Plateau biogas eco-orchard based on life cycle assessment(LCA) |
| 投稿时间：2017-11-29 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2017-1641 |
| 中文关键词: 生态果园 生命周期评价 环境排放 沼气发酵 |
| 英文关键词: ecological orchard life cycle assessment(LCA) environmental emissions biogas fermentation |
| 基金项目:农业部农业生态环境财政专项（2110402-7）；国家自然科学基金项目（51576167）；陕西省农业专项（2017-136） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了综合评估黄土高原沼气生态果园的生命周期环境影响，基于陕北黄土高原地区实际工程案例，利用生命周期评价（LCA）方法计算出黄土高原沼气生态果园系统的能源消耗和污染物排放潜值，并分析了系统在不同功能阶段的环境和经济表现。结果表明：在系统完整生命周期中，环境排放发生在建设阶段和果园生产阶段，沼气利用阶段则创造了显著的生态减排效益，基础设施、田间管理、果园建设及生产是带来环境负荷的主要因素，其中田间管理过程对温室效应、环境酸化、富营养化及能源耗竭潜势分别造成高达83%、55%、43%及59%的排放量，果园生产过程也导致了较高比率的富营养化（40%）、人体毒性（41%）、光化学氧化（66%）及能源耗竭（26%）问题；沼肥还田、沼气发酵及由沼气利用引起的燃煤替代是节能减排的贡献因素，系统的温室效应、环境酸化及富营养化等环境潜值均为负值，相比单一的苹果种植模式具有更强的环境可持续性。此外，利用开发的综合经济效益指标进行核算得到系统的集合经济效益（IBE）为$2 544.25，在建设期、生产期和利用期分别为$-255.11、$2 447.67及$351.47，表明系统前期处于亏损状态，但后期经济效益可观，具有整体上的生命周期经济可持续性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study, based on the demonstration project on biogas-linked ecological orchard system in Loess Plateau district, north of Shaanxi Province, calculated the energy consumption and pollutant discharge by this project in the Loess Plateau district. It used the life cycle assessment(LCA) method and analyzed the environmental effects during the different life cycles of the system. The results showed that emissions happened during the construction and production phase, whereas the utilization period created favorable ecological benefits; e.g., biogas can be used as renewable energy that can substitute a certain amount of traditional fuels, such as coal and electricity. Infrastructure construction, field management, orchard construction, and production lead to heavy environmental load. Particularly, field management process constituted 83%, 55%, 43%, and 59% of the global warming, acidification, eutrophication, and energy depletion potentials, respectively. The production process also caused serious environmental problems like eutrophication(40%), human toxicity(41%), photochemical oxidation(66%), and energy depletion(26%). Biogas slurry and residue utilization, biogas fermentation, and biogas combustion were the main factors determining energy saving and emission reduction of the studied system. Moreover, global warming, acidification, and eutrophication potential of the system were negative, which showed a stronger sustainability than that of the single apple-planting model. Moreover, economic analysis showed that the integrated economic benefit(IBE) was $2 544.25, and the value of IBE in the construction phase, production phase, and utilization phase were -$255.11, $2 447.67, and $351.47, respectively, which showed a strong economic sustainability of the integrated system. |
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