| 安梅,董丽,张磊,孙崇海,夏培玉.不同种类生物炭对土壤重金属镉铅形态分布的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(5):892-898. |
| 不同种类生物炭对土壤重金属镉铅形态分布的影响 |
| Influence of different kinds of biochar on Cd and Pb forms in soil |
| 投稿时间：2017-10-15 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2017-1388 |
| 中文关键词: 生物炭 镉 铅 钝化修复 生物有效性 |
| 英文关键词: biochar Cd Pb immobilization bioavailability |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41101472，41101094）；国家级大学生创新训练计划项目（200610435024） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨不同生物炭对土壤镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）复合污染的钝化修复效果，在Cd、Pb复合污染的土壤中施加不同种类、添加量的常见农业废弃物与城市污泥制备的生物炭，分析了土壤中Cd、Pb形态分配的变化，结果表明，添加生物炭可以改变土壤的理化性质，4种生物炭均显著提高了土壤的pH值、阳离子交换量和有机质的含量，与1%添加量相比，4%添加量增加幅度更大，pH、阳离子交换量和有机质含量分别比对照增加了2.7%~11.6%、12.7%~54.3%和252.0%~594.8%。4种生物炭不同程度地降低了重金属的弱酸提取态和可还原物质结合态含量，增加了可氧化物质结合态和残渣态的含量。不同种类生物炭相比，棉花秸秆炭对Cd的钝化效果最佳，其次为玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆和污泥生物炭，其中4%棉花秸秆炭处理下弱酸提取态、可还原物质结合态含量分别下降5.2%、25.5%，可氧化物质结合态、残渣态含量分别增加177.8%、166.7%。生物炭添加同样对土壤中Pb表现出了不同程度的钝化效果，不同生物炭对土壤中Pb的钝化能力表现为玉米秸秆炭 > 小麦秸秆炭 > 棉花秸秆炭 > 污泥生物炭。相关分析表明，添加生物炭导致的土壤理化性质的变化可能是导致土壤重金属形态变化的重要原因。本研究结果表明，施用生物炭可有效改变土壤Cd、Pb赋存形态，促进Cd、Pb由生物有效性高的弱酸提取态、可还原物质结合态，向生物有效性低的可氧化物质结合态、残渣态转化，降低其生物可利用性，从而减轻土壤重金属污染危害。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The bioavailability of heavy metals in soils is closely related to their chemical fractions. In this study, four kinds(made from the common wastes of urban sludge and maize, cotton, and wheat straws) and two levels of biochar were added to soil contaminated with Cd and Pb to investigate their effects on the chemical fractions of Cd and Pb and to further analyze the immobilization and remediation of heavy metals in soil. The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of the soil were changed by biochar application and the pH, CEC, and SOM were significantly improved, especially with the 4% application treatments, with increases of 2.7%~11.6%, 12.7%~54.3%, and 252.0%~594.8%, respectively. Overall, adding the four kinds of biochar reduced the weak-acid-extractable and reducible fractions, whereas the oxidation and residue fractions increased. Regarding the immobilizing effect of soil Cd pollution, the cotton straw biochar showed the best passivation, followed by corn straw, wheat straw, and sludge biochar. When the cotton straw biochar was added at a rate of 4%, the weak-acid-extractable and reducible fractions of Cd decreased by 5.2% and 25.5%, respectively, and the oxidation and residue fractions increased by 177.8% and 166.7%, respectively. Similarly, adding the biochars showed passivation effects at different levels of the soil Pb pollution. Among the four kinds of biochars, the sequence of immobilizing effect was corn straw > wheat straw > cotton straw > sludge. Correlation analysis showed that the changes in soil physical and chemical properties were likely to be important factors that induced the changes in the heavy metal forms of the soil. The results implicated that applying biochar can effectively change the chemical fractions of heavy metals in soil and reduce bioavailability, thus can be used as a solution to soil heavy metal pollution. |
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