| 蒲佳,马龙,吉力力·阿不都外力,刘文.常规方法对新疆地方土壤元素空间分析及重金属风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(6):1166-1176. |
| 常规方法对新疆地方土壤元素空间分析及重金属风险评价 |
| The spatial analysis of soil elements and a risk assessment of heavy metals based on regular methods in the Xinjiang local region |
| 投稿时间：2017-09-20 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2017-1284 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤 元素 重金属 空间分布 常规方法 风险 |
| 英文关键词: soil element heavy metal spatial distribution regular methods risk |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41501221）；中国科学院西部之光项目（2015-XBQN-B-18）；新疆维吾尔自治区优秀青年科技人才培养项目（qn2015yx031） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 蒲佳 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
中国科学院中亚生态与环境研究中心, 乌鲁木齐 830011 | | | 马龙 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011
中国科学院中亚生态与环境研究中心, 乌鲁木齐 830011 | malong@ms.xjb.ac.cn | | 吉力力·阿不都外力 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
中国科学院中亚生态与环境研究中心, 乌鲁木齐 830011 | | | 刘文 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011
中国科学院中亚生态与环境研究中心, 乌鲁木齐 830011 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 结合数理统计学和地统计学方法对博斯腾湖流域绿洲表土17种元素进行分析，探讨其含量、空间变异性、空间分布特征，并用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数分析其污染状况。结果表明：17种元素平均含量顺序为Ca > Al > Fe > Mn > V > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > As > Co > Sb > Mo > Tl > Cd > Hg。其中常量元素Al、Ca、Fe含量远远超过新疆土壤背景值，除重金属元素Co、Mo含量低于背景值外，其余12种重金属元素存在不同程度的超标，Cd、Hg超标率高达77%、62%。表土元素的空间变异特征显示，Fe、Mn、V、Cr、Co、Zn、As、Tl受结构性因素影响较大，其空间自相关性良好；Cu、Mo、Cd、Sb、Pb、Hg在较小范围内的空间自相关性良好，说明整体结构性特征依然存在，部分区域随机因素（农田、交通、工业生产）影响较大，影响因素复杂。Fe是地壳中稳定元素，受区域地质的影响。Al变程较小，除了受成土母质影响，还受随机因素影响。Ca是活动性元素，主要与风化淋溶、迁移、沉积等因素有关。空间分布结果显示大多数重金属在县城周边、交通干线以及工厂附近的区域含量高，As在西北部和东南部含量高，既有自然来源，也有人为来源。利用内梅罗污染指数法计算13种重金属污染指数，结果表明Co无污染，Mn、Cu、Tl、Pb的污染程度在警戒线内。V、Zn、Cr、Ni、As、Cd、Sb、Hg的内梅罗污染指数在1~2之间，属于轻微污染程度，其中Cd、Hg的污染指数值接近1.5，轻微污染程度稍高于其余重金属；单因子潜在生态风险结果显示Cd、Hg具有轻微生态风险，综合生态风险指数结果显示27%的样点存在轻微生态风险，73%的样点存在中等风险，主要是Cd、Hg的风险值较高，应该引起有关部门的重视。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Combining with mathematical statistics and geostatistical methods, we determined the content, spatial variability, and spatial distribution characteristics of 17 kinds of elements in topsoil in Bosten Lake Basin, and measured out the degree of heavy metal pollution through a Nemerow index and potential ecological risk index. The results showed(in order of decreasing prevalence):Ca > Al > Fe > Mn > V > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > As > Co > Sb > Mo > Tl > Cd > Hg. The content of Co and Mo was lowest in Xinjiang soil while average concentrations of Mn, V, Zn, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Sb, Tl and Pb were significantly lower than the soil background value in Xinjiang. The spatial variation of topsoil elements showed that Fe, Mn, V, Cr, Co, Zn, As and Tl were significantly affected by structural factors, and their spatial self-correlation was good. Cu, Mo, Cd, Sb, Pb and Hg showed good spatial self-correlation in the small scale, and seemed mainly affected by random factors(farmland, traffic, industrial production). Fe was a stable element in the earth's crust, which was influenced by the regional geology, Al concentrations seem primarily influenced by random factors besides the physical characteristics of the soil. Ca was an active element, mainly correlated to weathering patterns, migration, deposition of terrigenous detritus and other factors. Spatial distribution results showed that most heavy metal pollution was concentrated near high traffic, and industrial zones. High levels of As in the northwest and southeast region, for example, originated from natural and artificial sources. The values of Nemerow index for 13 kinds of heavy metals were calculated, which suggested little risk with Co, moderate or "warning" levels of Mn, Cu, Tl and Pb; V, Zn, Cr, Ni, As, Cd, Sb and Hg showed elevated pollution levels(Nemerow index values between 1 to 2), and Cd and Hg levels were significantly elevated. Single potential ecological risk results showed that Cd and Hg had a slight ecological risk, integrated potential ecological risk results showed that 27% of the samples had a slight potential ecological risk, and 73% had a medium risk(mainly from the higher risk associated with Cd and Hg), which should draw attention. |
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