| 杨东伟,章明奎,张鹏启,刘千千,李雪,黄笑,李丽琳.水田改果园后土壤形态及性状的演变[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(6):1184-1192. |
| 水田改果园后土壤形态及性状的演变 |
| Evolution of soil morphology and properties after land-use change from paddy field to orchard farm |
| 投稿时间：2017-10-24 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2017-1446 |
| 中文关键词: 水田 果园 土地利用方式 土壤性态 磷脂脂肪酸 |
| 英文关键词: paddy field orchard land use soil morphology phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA) |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41571207）；河南师范大学博士启动课题基金项目（qd15152）；河南师范大学青年科学基金项目（2016QK33） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 近年来，水田改作经济林在中国南方地区非常普遍，为深入了解这一土地利用的转变对土壤质量的影响，选择浙江省杭州市由水田改果园时间系列的代表性土壤剖面，采集分层土壤样品，采用田间调查与室内分析相结合的方法对比分析了水田改果园后土壤形态及性质的变化。结果表明：水田改果园20年的土壤与长期植稻的水田土壤相比，地下水位下降了20 cm，耕作层土壤容重增加了28.0%，坚实度增加了2.65倍；耕作层和犁底层土壤颜色亮度和彩度增加，铁锈斑纹等新生体减少；耕作层土壤pH值降低，土壤有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量分别下降了42.1%、40.3%和37.4%，土壤全磷、有效磷和速效钾含量分别增加了1.35、15.62倍和3.07倍；耕作层土壤微生物生物量碳和生物量氮分别减少了76.5%和52.1%；好氧细菌与厌氧细菌比值增加了97.0%，革兰氏阴性细菌与革兰氏阳性细菌比值降低了24.6%。研究表明，水田改果园后，土壤形态和性状发生显著变化，并对土壤生态环境带来显著影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In recent years, land-use change from paddy field to economic forest has been very common in Southern China. To understand the effects of such change on soil quality, we selected a series of soils of paddy fields and orchard farms, collected from different layers of the soil profiles in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, and compared morphology characteristics and properties of the paddy and orchard soils, using a combination of field investigations and laboratory analyses. After reclamation for 20 years, compared with paddy fields the groundwater level of orchard farms had fallen by 20 cm; moreover, soil bulk density and the hardness of the plow layer had increased by 28.0% and 2.65 times, respectively. The brightness and chroma of the colors of the plow layer and plough pan soils had increased, whereas rust spots were reduced. Soil pH had declined, and soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen had decreased by 42.1%, 40.3%, and 37.4%, respectively, in plow layer. Although effective phosphorus and total potassium in the plow layer soils showed an increasing trend, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were in contrast decreased by 76.5% and 52.1%, respectively. The ratio of aerobic bacteria to anaerobic bacteria had increased by 97.0%, whereas that of gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria had decreased by 24.6%, and changes in the soil microbial community structure had occurred. The results indicate that after the reclamation of paddy into orchard farm, soil morphology and properties have undergone significant changes, and these have significant influences on the soil ecological environment. |
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