| 卫凯平,武慧君,黄莉,王晓旭,陈晓芳.农业生产系统氮磷环境影响分析——以安徽省为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(8):1802-1810. |
| 农业生产系统氮磷环境影响分析——以安徽省为例 |
| Analysis of environmental impact derived from nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural production systems: A case study of Anhui Province |
| 投稿时间：2018-01-09 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2018-0053 |
| 中文关键词: 氮 磷 农业生产系统 生命周期评价 环境影响 |
| 英文关键词: nitrogen phosphorus agricultural production system life cycle assessment(LCA) environmental impact |
| 基金项目:安徽省杰出青年科学基金项目（1608085J09） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨农业生产过程中氮、磷营养物质流动造成的环境影响，采用生命周期评价方法以农业生产系统中种植和养殖过程中的氮、磷物质流动为研究对象，比较和分析了安徽省2014年农业生产系统氮、磷在不同作物和畜禽生产中造成的能源消耗、全球变暖、酸化和富营养化等环境影响。结果表明：生产1 t水稻、小麦、玉米、大豆和油菜的综合环境影响指数分别为0.35、0.34、0.50、0.63和0.40，生产单位数量猪、牛、羊和家禽的综合环境影响指数分别为0.29、1.21、0.14和0.01。由此，水稻、小麦、羊和家禽的综合环境影响指数较小；从各类农产品总量造成的环境影响来看，水稻、小麦、猪和家禽对整个系统的能源消耗、全球变暖、酸化和富营养化的贡献比较突出，4种农产品之和占各种影响类型的78.45%、70.97%、81.21%和79.79%；再对比种植和养殖两个子系统，种植和养殖分别对能耗和富营养化影响突出，分别占78.53%和72.83%，而二者对全球变暖和酸化的影响大致相同。研究提出改善饮食结构、优化施肥和资源化畜禽粪便等是减轻农业生产氮、磷环境影响的有效途径。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Many serious environmental impacts are caused by the nitrogen and phosphorus flows in agricultural production. Based on the life cycle assessment(LCA)method, in this study, a model was established for analyzing the environmental impacts caused by the nitrogen and phosphorus flows of agricultural production systems including planting and breeding. With this model, mainly four environmental impacts (energy consumption, climate change, acidification, and eutrophication)and the integrated environmental impacts(IEMs)caused by the nutrient flows of agricultural production in Anhui Province of central China were analyzed and compared. The nutrients were mainly contained in the five crops(rice, wheat, maize, soybean, and rapeseed)and four livestock categories(pig, cattle, sheep, and poultry)selected in the province. The results showed the IEMs of the rice, wheat, maize, soybean, and rapeseed were 0.35, 0.34, 0.50, 0.63 t-1, and 0.40 t-1, respectively. The IEMs of the pig, cattle, sheep, and poultry categories contributed 0.29, 1.21, 0.14 unit-1, and 0.01 unit-1, respectively. Thus, rice, wheat, sheep, and poultry resulted in the smallest IEMs of each group. Regarding the four environmental impacts evaluated using the total amount of every agricultural product, rice, wheat, pig, and poultry contributed obviously, totally accounting for 78.45% of energy consumption, 70.97% of climate change, 81.21% of acidification, and 79.79% of eutrophication, respectively. Furthermore, the planting subsystem caused the most energy consumption and the breeding subsystem resulted in the heaviest eutrophication, accounting for 78.53% and 72.83%, respectively, whereas both subsystems contributed almost equally to climate change and acidification. According to these results, measures to mitigate the environmental impacts derived from the nutrients, including improving diet structure, optimizing fertilizer application, and reusing manure, were proposed. |
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