| 贺美,王立刚,王迎春,朱平,李强,沈欣.黑土活性有机碳库与土壤酶活性对玉米秸秆还田的响应[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(9):1942-1951. |
| 黑土活性有机碳库与土壤酶活性对玉米秸秆还田的响应 |
| Response of the active carbon pool and enzymatic activity of soils to maize straw returning |
| 投稿时间：2017-12-15 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2017-1725 |
| 中文关键词: 秸秆还田 黑土活性碳库 碳库管理指数 土壤酶活性 春玉米产量 |
| 英文关键词: straw application soil active carbon pool carbon pool management index soil enzyme activities spring maize yield |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFE0101100，2017YFD0201801）；国家自然科学基金项目（31770486）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201303126-2）；中国农科院创新工程协同创新任务（CAAS-XTCX2016008-02） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 秸秆还田是培肥地力、控制焚烧导致大气污染的重要途径，探讨东北春玉米秸秆不同还田量对黑土活性有机碳库和酶活性的影响，为农业生产中实施秸秆还田措施提供理论基础。本研究设置了对照不施肥（CK）、单施氮磷钾肥（NPK）、化肥配施1/3秸秆还田（NPKS1）、化肥配施1/2秸秆还田（NPKS2）和化肥配施全量秸秆还田（NPKS3）5种处理，主要分析了不同处理对土壤活性有机碳组分、土壤碳库管理指数、土壤酶活性及春玉米产量的影响。结果表明，秸秆还田可以明显提高可溶性有机碳（DOC）、微生物量碳（MBC）、颗粒有机碳（POC）和易氧化有机碳（ROC）的含量，且提升效果随着还田量增加而增加。不同秸秆还田量下碳库管理指数差异明显，NPKS1、NPKS2和NPKS3处理相对NPK处理分别增加了52.83%、86.92%和114.76%。秸秆还田后土壤木聚糖酶（BXYL）、纤维素酶（CBH）、乙酰基β-葡萄糖胺酶（NAG）和β-葡萄糖苷酶（BG）的活性均有不同程度提高，以NPKS3处理对BXYL酶活性提升效果最显著（P<0.05）。秸秆还田明显提高春玉米产量，但是不同还田量之间差异不显著。相对NPK处理，NPKS2和NPKS3处理显著提高了活性碳组分DOC和POC含量、碳库活度、碳库活度指数及碳库管理指数、土壤CBH、BG和BXYL酶活性（P<0.05）。综合来看，在本试验地区，玉米秸秆为4500~9000 kg·hm-2是比较适宜的还田量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Straw returning is important for enhancing soil fertility and controlling air pollution. Understanding the effects of straw returning on the active carbon pool and enzymatic activities of soils can help the design of better straw returning management strategies. In this study, we set up five treatments with different fertilization and straw returning strategies, including the use of no fertilizers (CK), NPK fertilizer (NPK), fertilizer with 1/3 biomass of straw returned (NPKS1), fertilizer with 1/2 biomass of straw returned (NPKS2), and fertilizer with total straw returned (NPKS3). Then the effects of the different treatments on the active carbon pool, carbon management index, and enzyme activity of soils, and the yields of spring corn were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), particulate organic carbon (POC), and readily oxidized organic carbon (ROC) obviously improved after straw returning, and the more the straw returned, the higher were the increases. The soil carbon management indices significantly differed among the treatments with different amounts of straw returned, and compared to that of NPK, the carbon pool management index of NPKS1, NPKS2 and NPKS3 increased by 52.83%, 86.92%, and 114.76%, respectively. Furthermore, straw returning increased β-xylosidase (BXYL), cellulose (CBH), acetyl beta glucosamine enzyme (NAG), and beta glycosidase enzyme (BG) activities by varying degrees. Compared with NPK, the DOC and POC contents, soil carbon pool activity, soil carbon pool activity index, soil carbon pool management index, and soil CBH, BG, and BXYL enzyme activities of NPKS2 and NPKS3 were significantly improved (P<0.05). The yields of spring corn increased after straw returning, but the differences in yields were not significant among the three straw returning treatments. To sum up, maize straw returning at the rate of 4500~9000 kg·hm-2 is appropriate for this test area. |
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